Providing a ten page transcription of a course syllabus is a daunting task. It does have the useful side-effect of forcing me to read the syllabus closely and I still labor under the hope that something of potential future significance will lodge itself somewhere in my subconscious, ready to go if ever summoned. Of course having a digitized transcript allows us to easily search the growing sample of course syllabi already transcribed at Economics in the Rear-view Mirror.
Harvard economics Ph.D.’s on the economics department faculty in the mid-1950’s, J. Keith Butters and Arnold M. Soloway, are listed on the public finance syllabus below that was distributed as a consolidated reading list for the undergraduate and graduate versions of the course taught in 1954-1955. I am not sure what to make of the fact that only Butters’ name appears in the enrollment report included with the annual report of the President of Harvard College.
P.S. The mid-year (January) and end-year (May) final exams have been transcribed and posted in a later post.
_______________________
Course Enrollments
[Economics] 151. Public Finance. Associate Professor Butters. Full course.
(W) Total 30: 15 Seniors, 9 Juniors, 1 Sophomore, 4 Other Graduates, 1 Other
(S) Total 27: 14 Seniors, 11 Juniors, 1 Sophomore, 1 Other Graduate
[Economics] 251 Public Finance. Associate Professor Butters. Full course.
(F) Total 19: 7 Graduates, 8 Other Graduates, 1 Radcliffe, 3 Special
(S) Total 16: 6 Graduates, 7 Other Graduates, 1 Radcliffe, 2 Special
Source: Harvard University. Report of the President of Harvard College 1954-1955, pp. 90, 93.
_______________________
Economics 151 and 251
PUBLIC FINANCE
Fall Term, 1954-1955
Professors Butters and Soloway
NOTE: Readings under the heading “Required” are required for Economics 151. Students in Economics 251 are required to read the asterisked assignments and to be generally familiar with the substance of the material covered in the other required assignments for Economics 151.
The following general studies and texts are suggested for reference throughout the course. Specific assignments on various topics are made from some of these sources.
General Texts and Treatises on Public Finance:
Blough, Roy, The Federal Taxing Process
Brownlee, O. H. and Allen, E. D., Economics of Public Finance, (Second Edition)
Due, John F., Government Finance
Groves, H. M., Financing Government (Third Edition) [Fifth edition]
Groves, H. M., Viewpoints on Public Finance
Hicks, U. K., Public Finance
Pigou, A. C., A Study in Public Finance
Poole, K. E., (Editor), Fiscal Policies and the American Economy
Schultz, W. J. and Harriss, C. L., American Public Finance [Third edition, before Harriss]
Somers, H. M., Public Finance and National Income
Serial Publications and Periodicals:
Annual Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury
Budget Messages of the President
Economic Reports of the President and Economic Reviews of the Council of Economic Advisers
Proceedings of the National Tax Association
National Tax Journal
Taxes, The Tax Magazine (Published by Commerce Clearing House, Inc.)
The loose-leaf tax services published by Commerce Clearing House, Inc. and Prentice-Hall, available in the Law Library
September 28: Nature and Scope of Government Finance
Required
*Brownlee and Allen, Economics of Public Finance, Second Edition, pp. 3-22
*Colm, Gerhard, “Why Public Finance,” National Tax Journal, Sept. 1948, pp. 193-206
*Due, Government Finance, Ch. 1, pp. 1-16
Suggested
*Hicks, Public Finance, Ch. 1, pp. 1-16
Groves, Financing Government, Ch. 1, pp. 1-8
September 30 – October 2: Concepts of Justice
Required
*Due, Government Finance, Ch. 7, pp. 114-133
*Simons, Henry, Personal Income Taxation, Ch. 1, pp. 1-40
*Blough, The Federal Taxing Process, Ch. 15, pp. 382-408
Suggested
Pigou, A. C., “Some Aspects of Welfare Economics,” American Economic Review, June 1951, pp. 287-302
*Pigou, A Study in Public Finance, Part II, Chs. 1-7, pp. 40-93
*Robbins, L., “Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility,” Economic Journal, December 1938, pp. 635-641
*Wright, D. Mc., “Income Redistribution Reconsidered,” Income, Employment and Public Policy, edited by Metzler, L. Pp. 159-176
Blum, W. J., and Kalven, Harry, The Uneasy Case for Progressive Taxation
Shehab, F., Progressive Taxation: A Study in the Development of the Progressive Principal in the British Income Tax
October 5 – October 16: The Budget
Required
Groves, Financing Government (Third Edition), pp. 509-527
Schultz and Harriss, American Public Finance, pp. 131-151
*Smithies, Arthur, The Determination and Control of Federal Expenditures (mimeographed volume), Chs. I-VI (128 pages)
*Smith, Harold D., The Management of Your Government, Chs. 5-7, pp. 54-102
*March, Michael, “A Comment on Budgetary Improvement in the National Government,” National Tax Journal, June 1952, pp. 155-173. Also, “Reply to Mr. March” by Herman Loeffler, same issue, pp. 174-175
*The Budget of the United States Government for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1955, pp. M5-M104 and A3-A16. (This assignment can be scanned rather than studied carefully as to matters of detail.)
*National Income, 1951 (A Supplement to the Survey of Current Business) pp. 10-18, 21-34, 42-43, 46-49
*Tax and Expenditure Policy for 1950, Committee for Economic Development, pp. 35-41
Suggested
Hicks, J. R., The Problem of Budget Reform
Hansen, A. H., Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles, Ch. 10, pp. 186-222
Key, V. O., “The Lack of a Budgetary Theory,” American Political Science Review, Volume 34 (December 1940), pp. 1137-1144
U.S. Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, Budget and Accounting, Parts I and II, pp. 7-31, 77-84
U.S. Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, Task Force Report on Fiscal, Budgeting, and Accounting Activities (Appendix F), pp. 37-38
Loeffler, Herman C., “Alice in Budget-Land,” National Tax Journal, March 1951, pp. 54-64
Fieldler, Clinton, “Reform of the Legislative Budget,” National Tax Journal, March 1951, pp. 65-76
Burkhead, Jesse, “The Outlook for Federal Budget-Making,” National Tax Journal, December 1949, pp. 289-299
*Smithies, A., The Determination and Control of Expenditures, Chs. VII-XII and Ch. XVIII (Mimeographed)
Dirks, F. C., “Recent Progress in the Federal Budget,” National Tax Journal, June 1954, pp. 141-154
October 19 – November 6: Expenditures
Required
*Due, Government Finance, Chs. 2-6, pp. 17-113
*Musgrave, R. A. and Culbertson, J. M., “The Growth of Public Expenditures in the United States, 1890-1948,” National Tax Journal, June 1953, pp. 97-115
*”State and Local Government Receipt and Expenditure Programs,” Survey of Current Business, January 1953, pp. 11-16
*Douglas, P. H., Economy in the National Government, Chs. I-VIII, pp. 3-204
*Buchanan, J. S., “The Pricing of Highway Services,” National Tax Journal, June 1952, pp. 97-106
Studenski, “Federal Grants-in-Aid,” National Tax Journal, September 1949, pp. 193-214
*Newcomer, Mabel, “State and Local Financing in Relation to Economic Fluctuations,” National Tax Journal, June 1954, pp. 97-109
*Maxwell, J. A., “The Equalizing Effects of Federal Grants,” Journal of Finance, May 1954, pp. 209-215
*Stark, John R., “Equities in the Financing of Federal Old and Survivors Insurance,” National Tax Journal, September 1953, pp. 286-292
Suggested
*Maxwell, J. A., Federal Grants and the Business Cycle, Chs. I-IV, pp. 1-99
*Clark, C., “Public Finance and Changes in the Value of Money,” Economic Journal, December 1945, pp. 371-389
*Pechman, J. A., and Mayer, Thomas, “Mr. Colin Clark on the Limits of Taxation,” Review of Economics and Statistics, August 1952, pp. 232-242; and Smith, D. T., “Note on Inflationary Consequences of High Taxation,” Ibid., Pp. 243, 247
*Goode, Richard, “And Economic Limit on Taxes: Some Recent Discussions,” National Tax Journal, September 1952, pp. 227-233
*Pigou, A. C., A Study in Public Finance, Chs. I-V, pp. 1-34
Machlup, F., “The Division of Labor between Government and Private Enterprise,” American Economic Review, 1943 Supplement, pp. 87-104
Hansen, A. H., and Perloff, H. S., State and Local Finance in the National Economy, Chs. 2 and 8
Hicks, J. R. and Hart, A. G., The Social Framework of the American Economy, Ch. XIII, pp. 174-185
Bowen, H. R., Toward Social Economy, Ch. 18
Backman, Jules and Kurnov, Ernest, “Pricing of Government Services,” National Tax Journal, June 1954, pp. 121-140
November 9 – November 30: Fiscal Policy
Required
*Smithies, Arthur, “Federal Budgeting and Physical Policy,” in A Survey of Contemporary Economics (edited by Howard S. Ellis), Ch. 5, pp. 174-209
Hansen, A. H., Business Cycles and National Income, Ch. 12, pp. 195-207
(Note: Read one or two of the following four sources)
(1) Gordon, R. A., Business Fluctuations, Ch. 18, pp. 525-544
(2) Brownlee, O. H. and Allen, E. D., Economics of Public Finance, 2nd edition, Chs. VI-VIII, pp. 94-140
(3) Musgrave, R. A., “Fiscal Policy, Stability, and Full Employment,” Public Finance and Full Employment (Postwar Economic Studies No. 3, Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System), pp. 1-21
(4) Due, Government Finance, Chs. 25-26, and 28, pp. 470-505, and 524-550
*Hart, A. G., Money, Debt and Economic Activity, Second Edition, Chs. XXVII, XXVIII, and XXIX, pp. 448-495
*Hicks, U. K., Public Finance, Ch. XVII, pp. 316-336
*Committee for Economic Development, Taxes and the Budget: A Program For Prosperity in a Free Economy (November 1947), especially pp. 9-34
*Blough, Roy, “Political and Administrative Requisites for Achieving Economic Stability,” American Economic Review, May 1950, pp. 165-177
*Lerner, A. P., The Economics of Control, Ch. 24, pp. 302-322
*Pechman, Joseph A., “Yield of the Individual Income Tax During a Recession,” National Tax Journal, March 1954, pp. 1-16
Suggested
*Wallich, H. C., “Income Generating Effects of a Balanced Budget,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 1944, pp. 78-91
*Musgrave, R. A., and Painter, M. S., “The Impact of Alternative Tax Structures on Personal Consumption and Saving,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1948, pp. 475-499
*Margolis, Julius, “Public Works and Economic Stability,” Journal of Political Economy, August 1949, pp. 277-292
Beveridge, W. H., Full Employment in a Free Society
Hansen, A. H., Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles
Terborgh, George, The Bogie of Economic Maturity
Hansen, A. H., “Some Notes on Terborgh’s ‘The Bogie of Economic Maturity,’” Review of Economics and Statistics, February 1946, and Terborgh’s reply R. E. S., August 1946
*”The Problem of Economic Instability,” A committee report, American Economic Review, September 1950, pp. 505-538 (sections pertaining to fiscal policy)
Bach, G. L., “Monetary-Fiscal Policy, Debt Policy, and the Price Level,” American Economic Review, May 1947, pp. 228-242
Bronfenbrenner, M., “Postwar Political Economy: The President’s Reports,” Journal of Political Economy, October 1948, pp. 373-391
*Clark, J. M., “An Appraisal of the Workability of Compensatory Devices,” American Economic Review, Proceedings, March 1939, reprinted in Readings in Business Cycle Theory, pp. 291-310
“Problems of Timing and Administering Fiscal Policy in Prosperity and Depression,” papers by E. E. Hagen and A. G. Hart; discussion by J. K. Galbraith, B. H. Higgins, W. S. Soytinski, and O. H. Brownlee, American Economic Review, May 1948, pp. 417-451
*Musgrave, R. A. and Miller, M. H., “Built-in Flexibility,” American Economic Review, March 1948, pp. 122-128
Musgrave, R. A., “Alternative Budget Policies for Pole Full Employment,” American Economic Review, June 1945, pp. 387-400
Clark, J. M., Economics of Planning Public Works
Lubell, “Efforts of Redistribution of Income on Consumers’ Expenditures,” American Economic Review, March 1947, pp. 157-170; Correction, December 1947, p. 930; Comment by J. M. Clark, p. 931
Burkhead, Jesse, “The Balanced Budget,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1954, Pp. 191-216
December 2 – December 18: Government Debt and Debt Management
Required
Due, Government Finance, Chs. 24 and 27, pp. 445-469 and 506-523
Schultz and Harriss, American Public Finance, Chs. XXV-XXVII, pp. 615-704
*Lerner, A. P., “The Burden of the National Debt” in Income, Employment and Public Policy (Metzler, L., et al.), Pp. 255-275
*”How to Manage the Debt,” Symposium in Review of Economics and Statistics, February 1949, pp. 15-32
*Murphy, H. C., The National Debt in War and Transition, Chs. 18-19, pp. 249-288
*Thomas, Woodlief, “Lessons of War Finance,” American Economic Review, September 1951, pp. 618-631
*Abbott, C. C., The Federal Debt (Twentieth Century Fund, 1952), Ch. 6, pp. 89-112
Suggested
Abbott, op. cit., pp. 1-196
*Roosa, R. V., “Interest Rates in the Central Bank,” in Money, Trade and Economic Growth (In Honor of John Henry Williams), pp. 270-295
*Simons, H. C., “On Debt Policy,” Journal of Political Economy, December 1944, pp. 356-361, and “Debt Policy and Banking Policy,” Review of Economics and Statistics, May 1946, pp. 85-89; both reprinted in Economic Policy for a Free Society, pp. 220-239
*Musgrave, R. A., “Credit Controls, Interest Rates and Management of Public Debt,” in Income, Employment and Public Policy (Metzler, L., At all.), Pp. 221-254
Harris, S. E., The National Debt and the New Economics
Committee on Debt Policy, Our National Debt
Seltzer, L. H., “Is a Rise in Interest Rates Desirable or Inevitable?” American Economic Review, December 1945, pp. 831-850
Roosa, R. V., “Integrating Debt Management and Open Market Operations,” American Economic Review, Supplement, May 1952, pp. 214-235
Wallich, H. C., “Debt Management as an Instrument of Economic Policy,” American Economic Review, June 1946, pp. 292-310
Bach, G. L., “Monetary-Fiscal Policy Reconsidered,” Journal of Political Economy, October 1949, pp. 383-394
Tobin, James, “Monetary Policy and the Management of the Public Debt: The Patman Inquiry,” Review of Economics and Statistics, May 1953, pp. 118-127
Burgess, W. Randolph, “Federal Reserve and Treasury Relations,” Journal of Finance, March 1954, pp. 1-11
* * * * * * * * * * *
Economics 151 and 251
PUBLIC FINANCE
Spring Term, 1954-1955
Professors Butters and Soloway
Note: Readings under the heading “Required” are required for Economics 151. Students in Economics 251 are required to read the asterisked assignments and to be generally familiar with the substance of the material covered in the other required assignments for Economics 151. References in Shultz and Harriss, American Public Finance, refer to the new 6thedition.
February 3-10: General Introduction to Taxation in the United States.
Required:
Shultz, W. J., and Harriss, C. L., American Public Finance, Chapters 7, 9, 10, 11.
Groves, Harold, Viewpoints on Public Finance, Chapter 1.
Lerner, A. P., Economics of Control, Chapter 24 (review).
Suggested:
*Bullock, C. J., Readings in Public Finance, Chapters VIII-IX.
Paul, Randolph E., Taxation in the United States (1954).
Ratner, Sydney, American Taxation, Its History as a Social Force in Democracy (1942).
Dewey, Davis R., Financial History of the United States.
February 10-17: Personal Income Taxation.
Required:
Shultz, W. J., and Harriss, C. L., American Public Finance, Chapters 12, 13.
*Simons, H. C., Personal Income Taxation, Chapter I (reread), Chapters II, III (passim), IV-VI, VIII, X.
Groves, H. M., Financing Government, 3rdedition, Chapter 9.
Your Federal Income Tax, Bureau of Internal Revenue.
Suggested:
*National Tax Journal, March 1955, articles by Professor Shoup, Brown, and Pechman.
*Vickrey, W. S., Agenda for Progressive Taxation, Chapters 1, 2, 4, 6 (passim), 12, 13, 14.
Fisher, I., and Fisher, H. W., Constructive Income Taxation, A Proposal for Reform, Chapters 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 21.
Holt, C. G., “Averaging of Income for Tax Purposes: Equity and Fiscal-Policy Considerations,” National Tax Journal, December 1949.
*Musgrave, R. A., and Tun, Thin, “Income Tax Progression, 1929-48”, Journal of Political Economy, December 1948, pp. 498-514.
Farioletti, Marius, “The 1948 Audit Control Program for Federal Income Tax Returns”, National Tax Journal, June 1949, pp. 142-150.
Farioletti, Marius, “Some Results from the First Year’s Audit Control Program of the Bureau of Internal Revenue”, National Tax Journal, March 1952, pp. 65-78.
Blakey, R. G., and Blakely, G. C., The Federal Income Tax.
Magill, Roswell, Taxable Income.
Prentice-Hall, Federal Tax Course – 1954, Chapters 1-3.
February 19-24: Capital Gains Taxation.
Required:
*Seltzer, L. H., The Nature and Tax Treatment of Capital Gains and Losses, Chapters 1, 2, 4, 9, 11.
Groves, H. M., Financing Government, 3rd edition, pp. 172-177.
*Simons, H. C., Personal Income Taxation, Chapter VII.
Suggested:
*Vickrey, W. S., Agenda for Progressive Taxation, Chapter 5.
Capital Gains Taxation (A Tax Institute Symposium) (passim).
Federal Income Tax Treatment of Capital Gains and Losses (A Treasury Tax Study), 1951.
Groves, H. M., Viewpoints on Public Finance, pp. 151-158.
Prentice-Hall, Federal Tax Course – 1954, Chapters 4-6.
February 26-March 5: Corporation Income Tax.
Required:
Shultz, W. J., and Harriss, C. L., American Public Finance, pp. 311-320.
*Goode, Richard, The Corporation Income Tax, Chapters 1-9, 11, 18.
*Thompson, L. E., and Butters, J. K., “Effects of Taxation on the Investment Policies and Capacities of Individuals”, Journal of Finance, May 1953, Pp. 137-151.
*Smith, D. T., “Taxation and Executives”, Proceedings of the National Tax Association, 1951, pp. 232-250.
*Brown, E. C., “Business-Income Taxation and Investment Incentives”, Income, Employment, and Public Policy (Essays in Honor of Alvin H. Hansen), pp. 300-316.
Butters, J. K., and Lintner, J., Effect of Federal Taxes on Growing Enterprises, Chapters I-VII, VII and IX passim.
Suggested:
Prentice-Hall, Federal Tax Course – 1954, Chapters 21-23.
Smith, D. T., and Butters, J. K., Taxable and Business Income, Forward, Introduction, and Chapter 1.
*Slitor, Richard E., “The Corporate Income Tax: A Re-evaluation”, National Tax Journal, December 1952, pp. 289-309.
*Domar, E. D., and Musgrave, R. A., “Proportional Income Taxation and Risk-Taking”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1944, pp. 388-422.
Butters, J. K., Effects of Taxation on Inventory Accounting and Policies, Chapters I, IV, V.
Butters, J. K., Thompson, L. E., and Bollinger, L. L., Effects of Taxation on Investments by Individuals, Chapters I-VI.
Smith, D. T., Effects of Taxation on Corporate Financial Policy, Chapters I, VI-IX.
*Smith, D. T., “Corporate Taxation and Common Stock Financing”, National Tax Journal, September 1953, pp. 209-225.
Brown, E. See., Effects of Taxation on Depreciation Adjustments for Price Changes, Chapters I-IV.
*Eldridge, D. H., “Tax Incentives for Mineral Enterprise”, Journal of Political Economy, June 1950, pp. 222-240.
Economic Effects of Section 102 (Tax Institute Symposium, 1951).
March 8-10: Integration of Personal and Corporate Income Taxation.
Required:
*Goode, Richard, The Corporation Income Tax, Chapter X.
*Simons, H. C., Personal Income Taxation, Chapter IX.
Suggested:
*The Postwar Corporation Tax Structure, U.S. Treasury Study.
How Should Corporations be Taxed?, A Tax Institute Symposium.
“Final Report of the Committee on the Federal Corporation Income Tax”, Proceedings of the National Tax Association, 1950, pp. 54-76.
Lent, G. E., The Impact of the Undistributed Profits Tax, 1936-1937.
March 12-15: Excess Profits Taxation.
Required:
*Hart, A. G., and Brown, E. C., Financing Defense, Chapter 7.
*Blough, Roy, “Measurement Problems of the Excess Profits Tax”, National Tax Journal, December 1948, pp. 353-365.
*”Symposium on the Excess Profits Tax”, National Tax Journal, September 1951, pp. 219-36.
Tax Institute, Excess Profits Tax, Parts 1 and 3, and pp. 119-141.
Suggested:
Oakes, E. E., “Excess Profits Tax Amendments”, National Tax Journal, March 1952, pp. 53-64.
Hicks, J. R., Hicks, U. K., and Rostas, L., The Taxation of War Wealth, Chapters 1, 4-7.
March 14-19: Estate and Gift Taxation.
Required:
Schultz, W. J., and Harriss, C. L., American Public Finance, Chapter 20.
*Groves, H. M., Viewpoints on Public Finance, Nos. 44, 46, 47, and 48 (all in Chapter 5).
*Butters, J. K., Lintner, J., and Cary, W. L., Effects of Taxation on Corporate Mergers, Chapters I-III and V.
Bloch, Henry S., “Economic Objectives of Gratuitous Transfer Taxation”, National Tax Journal, June 1951, pp. 139-147.
Suggested:
*Surrey, Stanley S., et al., “A Critique of Federal Estate and Gift Taxation”, California Law Review, March 1950. (Introduction by Stanley Surrey, Pp. 1-27, required for graduate students; remainder optional.)
*Federal Estate and Gift Taxes– A Proposal for Integration and for Correlation with the Income Tax. (A joint study by an advisory committee to the Treasury Department and the Office of the Tax Legislative Council, 1947) (Sections I and II and remainder, passim. Required for graduate students).
Keith, E. Gordon, “How Should Wealth Transfers Be Taxed?”, American Economic Review, May 1950, pp. 379-390.
Wedgewood, Josiah, The Economics of Inheritance, especially Chapters 9-11.
March 22-31: Taxes on Consumption.
Required:
Schultz, W. J., and Harriss, C. L., American Public Finance, Chapters 8, 16.
*Groves, H. M., Viewpoints on Public Finance, Nos. 58, 59, 60, 64.
Soloway, A. M., “The Purchase Tax and Fiscal Policy”, National Tax Journal, December 1951.
Suggested:
Due, John F., “American and Canadian Experience with the Sales Tax”, The Journal of Finance, September 1952.
*Due, John F., “Toward A General Theory of Sales Tax Incidents”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1953.
Pao Lun Cheng, “A Note on the Progressive Consumption Tax”, The Journal of Finance, September 1953.
Soloway, Arnold M., “Economic Aspects of the British Purchase Tax”, Journal of Finance, May 1954.
*Hicks, U. K., Public Finance, Chapters IX and X.
Hart and Brown, Financing Defense, Chapter 4.
April 12-23: Intergovernmental Tax Problems.
Required:
Shultz, W. J., and Harriss, C. L., American Public Finance, Chapters 23, 24, 18, 19.
*Groves, H. M., Postwar Taxation and Economic Progress, Chapter 12.
*State-Local Relations, The Council of State Governments, Report of the Committee on State-Local Relations, 1946, Parts 3 and 4; Parts 1, 2, 5, and 6 passim.
*Federal State Local Tax Correlation; Symposium of the Tax Institute, 1953. Chapters I, II, III, VII, VIII, XVIII.
Suggested:
Groves, H. M., Postwar Taxation and Economic Progress, Chapter 12.
Groves, H. M., Viewpoints on Public Finance, Chapter 2.
*George, Henry, Progress and Poverty.
Hansen and Perloff, State and Local Finance in the National Economy.
*National Tax Journal, December 1951, pp. 341-371.
April 26-May 5: Burden of Taxation.
Required:
*Musgrave, R. A., et al., “Distribution of Tax Payments by Income Groups”, National Tax Journal, March 1951, pp. 1-53.
*Tucker, Rufus S., “Distribution of Tax Burdens in 1948”, National Tax Journal, September 1951, pp. 269-283.
*Allen, E. D., and Brownlee, O. H., Economics of Public Finance, Chapter X.
*Tucker, R. S., “Distribution of Government Burdens and Benefits”, American Economic Review, May 1953, pp. 519-534.
Suggested:
*”Further Consideration of the Distribution of the Tax Burden”, National Tax Journal, March 1952, pp. 1-39.
Poole, K. E., Fiscal Policies and the American Economy (Chapter VIII, “The Fiscal System, The Distribution of Income, and Public Welfare” by John H. Adler), pp. 359-409.
Source: Harvard University Archives. Syllabi, course outlines and reading lists in Economics, 1895-2003. Box 6, Folder “Economics, 1954-1955”.
Image Source: J. Keith Butters from Webpage of the Harvard Business School Baker Library Historical Collection “Edwin H. Land & the Polaroid Corporation: The Formative Years”.