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Bibliography Harvard Socialism Suggested Reading

Harvard. Short Bibliography of the Economics of Socialism for “Serious-minded Students”, Carver, 1910

 

In 1910 Harvard published 43 short bibliographies covering “Social Ethics and Allied Subjects”, about half of which were dedicated to particular topics in economics and economic sociology. The project was coordinated by Plummer Professor of Christian Morals, Francis G. Peabody.

The Economics of Socialism  is one such “allied subject” covered in the bibliography provided by Professor Thomas Nixon Carver, and transcribed below along with links to digital copies of the items found at archive.org, hathitrust.org, as well as at other on-line archives.

Previously posted bibliographies from “Social Ethics and Allied Subjects”:

Economic Theory by Professor Frank Taussig

Taxation by Professor Charles J. Bullock

Trade Unionism by Professor William Z. Ripley

Social Insurance by Dr. Robert Franz Foerster

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From the Prefatory Note:

The present list represents an attempt to make this connection between the teaching of the University and a need of the modern world. Each compiler has had in mind, not a superficial reader, nor yet a learned scholar, but an intelligent and serious-minded student, who is willing to read substantial literature if it be commended to him as worth his while and is neither too voluminous nor too inaccessible. To such an inquirer each editor makes suggestions concerning the contents, spirit or doctrine of a book, not attempting a complete description or a final judgment, but as though answering the preliminary question of a student, “What kind of book is this?” The plan thus depends for its usefulness on the competency of the editors concerned, and each editor assumes responsibility for the section to which his name is prefixed.

Source: Prefatory Note by Francis G. Peabody. A Guide to Reading in Social Ethics and Allied Subjects, Lists of Books and Articles Selected and Described for the Use of General Readers. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, 1910, p. vi.

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IV.5. THE ECONOMICS OF SOCIALISM
THOMAS NIXON CARVER

I. UTOPIAS

Plato. The republic.

A dialogue on justice, in which the philosopher pictures an ideal state.

 

More, Sir Thomas. Utopia, 1516.

A description of an ideal commonwealth, supposed to have been discovered on the coast of South America by one of the followers of Americus Vespucius.

 

Bacon, Sir Francis. New Atlantis, 1629.

A fragment.

 

Campanella, Tommaso. The city of the sun, 1637.

A highly idealistic picture, sufficiently divorced from all appearances of reality to render it harmless.

 

Cabet, Étienne. Voyage en Icarie, 1840.

Of special interest to Americans because the author led a group of colonists to the United States and established there a communistic society, first at Nauvoo, Ill., and later at Icaria, near Corning, Ia.

 

Gronlund, Laurence. A coöperative commonwealth; an exposition of modern socialism. Fourth edition, London: Swan, Sonnenschein & Co., 1892, pp. 265. [First edition, 1884.]

The first of a large crop of recent utopian works.

 

Bellamy, Edward. Looking backward, 2000-1887. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1888, pp. 470.

The most widely read in America of all the utopian works.

 

Morris, William. News from nowhere, or an epoch of rest; being some chapters from a utopian romance. London: Reeves & Turner, 1890, pp. 238.

Probably the most hopelessly idealistic of all such works.

 

Wells, Herbert George. A modern utopia. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1907, pp. xi, 393.

Probably the only utopian work since Plato’s “Republic” which frankly recognizes the population problem and tries to deal with it.

 

II. COMMUNISTIC EXPERIMENTS

Noyes, John H. History of American socialisms. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1870, pp. vi, 678.

The author was the founder of the Oneida community. He had put into his hands for editing and publication the manuscript of A. J. MacDonald, who had made a personal investigation of every communistic society then known to exist on American soil.

 

Nordhoff, Charles. The communistic societies of the United States from personal visit and observation; including detailed accounts of the Economists, Zoarites, Shakers, the Amana, Oneida, Bethel Aurora, Icarian and other existing societies, their religious creeds, social practices, numbers, industries and present conditions. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1875, pp. 439.

 

Hinds, William A. American communities. Revised edition. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1908, pp. 562.

The latest and most authentic account of all the known communistic societies in America.

 

Codman, John T. History of the Brook Farm; historic and personal memoirs. Boston: Arena Publishing Company, 1894, pp. viii, 335.

 

Shaw, Albert. Icaria. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1884, pp. ix, 219.

Written before the break-up of the Icarian community, from personal investigation and inspection.

 

Landis, George B. The society of the Separatist of Zoar, annual report of the American Historical Association, 1898. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899, pp. 163-221.

Written just before the disintegration of the Zoar society, from personal investigation and observation.

 

III. HISTORY OF SOCIALISTIC DOCTRINES

Ely, Richard T. French and German socialism. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1883, pp. 274.

The most readable account in English of the development of socialistic thought in continental Europe since the French revolution.

 

Rae, John. Contemporary socialism. Third enlarged edition. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1901, pp. 568.

This work brings the subject down to a later period than does Ely’s account. It is also a more voluminous treatment.

 

Peixotto, Jessica. The French revolution and modern French socialism. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co., 1901, pp. XV, 409.

Perhaps the most discriminating comparison of the two schools of socialism in France, where the dominant school would scarcely be recognized as socialistic by American and German socialists.

 

Hillquit, Morris. History of socialism in the United States. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co., 1903, pp. 371.

An exceedingly laudatory account, but instructive nevertheless.

 

Guthrie, William B. Socialism before the French revolution. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1907, pp. xviii, 339.

A review of socialistic thought from Thomas More to the radicals of the French revolution.

 

Stoddart, Jane T. The new socialism. New York: George H. Doran Company, 1910, pp. 271.

Rather discursive, but gives a good idea of the present tendency of socialistic thought.

 

IV. IN ADVOCACY OF SOCIALISM

Laveleye, Émile De. The socialism of to-day. Translated by Goddard H. Orpen. London: Field & Iver (1884), pp. viii, 331.

Includes under socialism a great deal which the Marxian socialist would reject.

 

Marx, Karl. Capital, a critical analysis of capitalist production. Translated by Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling. London: Swan, Sonnenschein & Co., 1889, pp. xxxi, 816.

The “bible of socialism.”

 

Marx, Karl, and Engels, Frederick. The communist manifesto. New York: Socialist Co-operative Publishing Association, 1901, pp. 46.

The beginning of the present type of socialist propaganda.

 

Shaw, G. Bernard, editor. Fabian essays in socialism. London: Walter Scott (1890), pp. 233.

A series of essays by such writers as G. Bernard Shaw, Annie Besant, Graham Wallas and others.

 

Engels, Frederick. Socialism, utopian and scientific. Translated by Edward Aveling. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1892, pp. xxxix, 117.

By scientific socialism is meant the socialism of Karl Marx and his followers.

 

Bernstein, Edward. Ferdinand Lassalle. Translated by Eleanor Marx Aveling. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1893, pp. xiv, 192.

The author is the leader of the “higher critics” of the socialist school in Germany, which rejects much of the Marxian theory, while adhering to the social democratic program.

 

Bliss, W. D. P. A handbook of socialism. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1895, pp. viii, 291.

A collection of information about socialism. Apparently intended as a “campaign book” for socialist propagandists.

 

Hyndman, Henry M. The economics of socialism. Second edition. London, 1896, pp. 257.

An attempt to reconstruct the economic basis of socialism. The author’s economic theories are erroneous, but they illustrate very well the kind of reasoning upon which socialists base their claims.

 

Vandervelde, Émile. Collectivism and industrial evolution. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1904, pp. 199.

An excellent presentation, by a socialist of the more rational type, of the general theory of international socialism.

 

Spargo, John. Socialism. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1906, pp. xvi, 257.

Probably the most authoritative statement, in popular form, of the immediate aims of American socialism.

 

MacKaye, James. The economy of happiness. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1906, pp. xv, 533.

Probably the only socialistic work since Marx’ “Capital” which seriously tries to lay the foundations of socialism on the recognized principles of economics. As Marx tried to build on the economics of Ricardo, Mackaye tries to build on the economics of the modern school.

 

MacDonald, J. Ramsay. Socialism and government. London: T. C. and E. C. Jack, 1907, pp. vi, 107. [1909 Socialist Library: volume VIII(1) and volume VIII(2)]

Probably the best presentation of the actual working theory of Fabian or English socialism.

 

Wells, Herbert George New worlds for old. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1908, pp. vii, 333.

A daring and ingenious form of propagandism.

 

V. EXPOSITORY AND CRITICAL

Schäffle, Albert. The quintessence of socialism. Translated under supervision of Bernard Bosanquet. New: York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1902, pp. viii, 127.

Perhaps the most thorough-going criticism to be found, but not easy to read.

 

Schäffle, Albert. The impossibility of social democracy. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1892, pp. XX, 419.

This is a supplement to the “Quintessence of socialism.”

 

Ely, Richard T. Socialism: an examination of its nature, strength and weakness. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co., 1894, pp. xiii, 449.

An eminently fair and sympathetic statement of the pros and cons.

 

Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen von. Karl Marx and the close of his system. Translated by H. M. Macdonald. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1898, pp. 221.

Shows very clearly that Marx built on an antiquated system of economics.

 

Gonner, Edward C. The socialist philosophy of Rodbertus. London: Macmillan & Co., 1899, pp. 234.

A sympathetic study, contrasting Rodbertus with Marx, to the advantage of the former.

 

Le Rossignol, James E. Orthodox socialism: a criticism. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co., 1907, pp. vii, 147.

By “orthodox” socialism is meant the socialism of Karl Marx. The various tenets of the socialist creed are examined critically.

 

Source: Teachers in Harvard University, A Guide to Reading in Social Ethics and Allied Subjects, Lists of Books and Articles Selected and Described for the Use of General Readers. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, 1910, pp. 167-173.

Image Source: Thomas Nixon Carver in the Harvard Class Album 1915.