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Size distribution of graduate and undergraduate programs in economics. U.S., 1963-65

 

 

These are the last two statistical tables from the so-called “Cartel” summary report from December 1965 of leading economics departments in the U.S. intended to provide orientation for departmental chairpersons in salary negotiations. Today’s posting gives the numbers of undergraduate and graduate majors reported by 29 departments. 

Earlier postings gave the distribution for full-professors, the distribution for associate professors, and the distribution for assistant professors across departments. Two previous postings have the actual distributions for entering salaries for new Ph.D.’s for 1964-65 and 1965-66 and the anticipated range of salary offers for new Ph.D.’s for 1966-67. Those first five reports from The Cartel provide distributions of median or average incomes or ranges of salary offers by ranks across departments. Table 6c from the summary report that gives the salary distributions by rank for 335 professors, 143 associate professors and 185 assistant professors from all 27 departments.

Refer to the first posting in this series of tables for information about the compiler Professor Francis Boddy of the University of Minnesota and a list of the 30 departments belonging to the Chairmen’s Group.

____________________

 

TABLE 7c
Graduate majors in Economics – 29 institutions:

 

1963-64 1964-65 1965-66
(Estimate)
300 and over 2 2

1

200-299

 0 0 2
150-199 3 4

5

100-149

 6 5 6
80-99 4 4

3

60-79

 5 7 5
40-59 6 4

4

20-39

 2 1 0
1-19 1 1

1
Number of departments reporting:

29

 28

27
Total number of students:

2,963

 3,057

3,118

____________________

 

TABLE 8C
Undergraduate majors in Economics – 29 institutions

 

1963-64 1964-65
300 and over 4

4

250-299

 1 1
200-249 3

2

150-199

 4 6
100-149 8

5

80-99

 1 1
60-79 2

1

40-59

 2 3
20-39 1

1

1-19

 1

1
Number of departments reporting:

27

25
Total number of students:

4,550

4,312

 

Source: Johns Hopkins University. The Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. Archives. Department of Political Economy, Series 5, Box 6, Folder 2 “Statistical Information”.

Image Source: quick meme website.

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Economics Professors’ Salaries by Rank (6), 1965-66

 

 

This is the sixth table from the so-called “Cartel” summary report from December 1965 of 9-10 month salaries paid in U.S. economics departments. In the previous five tables The Cartel reports median or average incomes or ranges of salary offers by ranks across departments. In this posting we have Table 6c from the summary report that gives the salary distributions by rank for 335 professors, 143 associate professors and 185 assistant professors from all 27 departments.

Earlier postings gave the distribution for full-professors, the distribution for associate professors, and the distribution for assistant professors across departments. Two previous postings have the actual distributions for entering salaries for new Ph.D.’s for 1964-65 and 1965-66 and the anticipated range of salary offers for new Ph.D.’s for 1966-67.

Refer to the first posting in this series of tables for information about the compiler Professor Francis Boddy of the University of Minnesota and a list of the 30 departments belonging to the Chairmen’s Group.

Using the BLS web CPI Inflation calculator, one can inflate nominal levels (say for December 1965, the date of the report) to April 2017 using a factor of 7.69.

 

____________________

TABLE 6c

Salaries of Economists (9-10 month, academic year, 1965-66) in 27 of the 29 Departments of Economics (The Cartel):
N = Number of Persons

MID POINT OF RANGE PROFESSORS ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS ASSISTANT PROFESSORS
26,750/and over 2
26,500 0
26,000 2
25,500 1
25,000 8
24,500 0
24,000 4
23,500 2
23,000 7
22,500 2
22,000 12
21,500 7
21,000 10
20,500 5
2,0000 22
19,500 10
19,000 13
18,500 11
18,000 24
17,500 8
17,000 19
16,500 23
16,000 27
15,500 20 1 0
15,000 21 2 1
14,500 14 2 0
14,000 22 10 0
13,500 10 12 0
13,000 10 13 1
12,500 7 18 2
12,000 6 20 1
11,500 3 21 7
11,000 3 13 9
10,500 0 18 18
10,000 0 9 35
9,750 1 9
9,500 2 28
9,250 1 11
9,000 0 24
8,750 0 8
8,500 0 13
8,250 2
8,000 15
7,750 1
N=335 N=143 N=185

 

Source: Johns Hopkins University. The Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. Archives. Department of Political Economy, Series 5, Box 6, Folder 2 “Statistical Information”.

Image Source:  “Me and my partner” by C. J. Taylor on cover of Punch, December 25, 1889. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.

 

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Expected New PhD Starting Salaries in U.S. Economics Departments (5), 1966/67

 

 

This is the fifth table from the so-called “Cartel” summary report from December 1965 of 9-10 month salaries paid in U.S. economics departments. Table 5c give figures for the anticipated range of salaries for “freshly completed PhD’s” for the coming academic year (1966-67) across the departments reporting. Earlier postings gave the distribution for full-professors, the distribution for associate professors, and the distribution for assistant professors. The previous posting has the actual distributions for entering salaries for new Ph.D.’s for 1964-65 and 1965-66. Refer to the first posting in this series of tables for information about the compiler Professor Francis Boddy of the University of Minnesota and a list of the 30 departments belonging to the Chairmen’s Group.

The copy of this table in the Johns Hopkins University archives has a useful handwritten addition. It is noted that the median lower bound of the range is $9,250 and the median higher bound of the range is $10,000. Thus one might say a measure of the range of the anticipated, as of December 1965), 9-10 month salary offers for “freshly completed PhDs” for 1966-67 was ($9,250 — $10,000), though such a range was not necessarily anticipated by any one of the 27 departments responding to that question.

Compared to Table 4c, this table tells us that the range of offers for “freshly completed PhDs” was anticipated to move up $250 about a 2.67% nominal increase from 1965-66 to 1966-67.

Using the BLS web CPI Inflation calculator, one can inflate nominal levels (say for December 1965, the date of the report) to April 2017 using a factor of 7.69.

 

____________________

TABLE 5c
Departments Expect to Have to Offer to Get
“Freshly Completed PhD’s for Next Year, 1966-67

 

MID-POINT OF RANGE

 FROM TO
13,000 0

0

12,500

 0 0
12,000 0

1

11,500

 0 0
11,000 0

6

10,500

 0 7
10,000 5

6

9,750

 0 0
9,500 8

4

9,250

 1 0
9,000 8

2

8,750

 1 0
8,500 1

1

8,250

 0 0
8,000 3

0

N=

 27

27

 

Source: Johns Hopkins University. The Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. Archives. Department of Political Economy, Series 5, Box 6, Folder 2 “Statistical Information”.

Image Source:  Caption under the drawing: “No class of labor feels the grip of grinding monopoly more than our underpaid, overworked ball-players.”  “The base-ball Laocoon” by L. M. Glackens. Cover of Punch, May 14, 1913. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.

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New PhD Starting Salaries in U.S. Economics Departments (4), 1964/5-1965/66

 

 

This is the fourth table from the so-called “Cartel” summary report from December 1965 of 9-10 month salaries paid in U.S. economics departments. Table 4c give figures for the distribution of salaries for “freshly completed PhD’s” across the departments reporting. Previous postings gave the distribution for full-professors, the distribution for associate professors, and the distribution for assistant professors. The next posting has the anticipated (as of December 1965) range of salaries to hire freshly completed PhD’s for the coming academic year, 1966-67. Refer to the first posting in this series of tables for information about the compiler Professor Francis Boddy of the University of Minnesota and a list of the 30 departments belonging to the Chairmen’s Group.

Using the BLS web CPI Inflation calculator, one can inflate nominal levels (say for December 1965, the date of the report) to April 2017 using a factor of 7.69.

______________________

TABLE 4c
Entering Salaries of “Freshly Completed PhD’s” of New Staff Members
in the Fall of 1965-66 1964-65

 

MINIMUM MEDIAN MAXIMUM
MID-POINT OF RANGE 1965-66 1964-65 1965-66 1964-65 1965-66

1964-65

Over 10,999

 0 0 0 0 1 0
10,500 0 0 0 0 2

1

10,000

 2 0 4 3 7 0
9,750 2 0 4 0 1

0

9,500

 4 1 2 0 2 4
9,250 1 2 3 3 1

3

9,000

 3 6 0 5 3 6
8,750 1 1 3 5 0

1

8,500

 4 5 3 5 2 5
8,250 1 1 0 2 0

1

8,000

 2 3 1 0 1 0
7,750 0 0 0 0 0

1

7,500

 0 1 1 2 0 1
7,250 1 1 0 0 0

0

N=

 21 21 21 25 20 23
Median $9,000 $8,500 $9,250 $8,750 $9,750

$9,000

Mean

 $8,952 $8,583 $9,190 $8,820 $9,600

$8,913

 

Source: Johns Hopkins University. The Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. Archives. Department of Political Economy, Series 5, Box 6, Folder 2 “Statistical Information”.

 

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Assistant Professors’ Salaries in U.S. Economics Departments (3), 1964/5-1965/66

 

 

This is the third table from the so-called “Cartel” summary report from December 1965 of 9-10 month salaries paid in U.S. economics departments. Tables 3c give figures for the distribution of assistant professor salaries across the departments reporting. Last posting gave the distribution for full-professors and the distribution for associate professors. The next posting has the distribution for entering salaries for new Ph.D.’s. Refer to the first posting in this series of tables for information about the compiler Professor Francis Boddy of the University of Minnesota and a list of the 30 departments belonging to the Chairmen’s Group.

Also there is a table of the anticipated (as of December 1965) range of salaries to hire freshly completed PhD’s for the coming academic year, 1966-67.

Using the BLS web CPI Inflation calculator, one can inflate nominal levels (say for December 1965, the date of the report) to April 2017 using a factor of 7.69.

____________________

TABLE 3c
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS 1965-66, 1964-65

(1)
Median Salaries
All Assistant Professors

MID-POINT
OF RANGE

 1965-66 1964-65
Over 11,249 0

1

11,000

 0 0
10,500 3

0

10,000

 7 1
9,750 2

0

9,500

 6 6
9,250 3

2

9,000

 4 5
8,750 1

6

8,500

 1 2
8,250 1

3

8,000

 1 2
7,750 0

0

7,500

 0 0
7,250 0

1

N=

 29 29
Median $9,500

$8,900

Mean

 $9,402

$8,936

 

 

TABLE 3c
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS 1965-66, 1964-65

(2)
Average Salaries
“Superior Assistance Professors”
(Top 1/3)

MID-POINT
OF RANGE

 1965-66 1964-65
Over 11,249 4

1

11,000

 3 2
10,500 8

5

10,000

 7 3
9,750 2

2
9,500 3 4
9,250 0

3

9,000

 1 3
8,750 1

3

8,500

 0 0
8,250 0

2

8,000

 0 0
7,750 0

0

7,500

 0 0
7,250 0

1

N=

  

29

  

29
Median $10,250

$9,500

Mean

 $10,333

$9,575

 

 

TABLE 3c
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS 1965-66, 1964-65

(3)
Average Salaries
“Average Assistant Professors”
(Lower 2/3)

MID-POINT
OF RANGE

 1965-66 1964-65
Over 10,749 0

1

10,500

 1 0
10,000 5

0

9,750

 2 0
9,500 4

3
9,250 7 1
9,000 2

8

8,750

 4 3
8,500 1

5

8,250

 2 3
8,000 1

1

7,750

 0 2
7,500 0

1

7,250

 0 1
N= 29

29

Median

 $9,300 $8,800
Mean $9,251

$9,063

 

Source: Johns Hopkins University. The Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. Archives. Department of Political Economy, Series 5, Box 6, Folder 2 “Statistical Information”.

Image Source: Brussells conference, cartel magnate (detail). Postcard from 1902. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.

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Associate Professors’ Salaries in U.S. Economics Departments (2), 1964/5-1965/66

 

This is the second table from the so-called “Cartel” summary report from December 1965 of 9-10 month salaries paid in U.S. economics departments. Tables 2c give figures for the distribution of associate professor salaries across the departments reporting. Last posting gave the distribution for full-professors. Future postings include the actual salary distributions for assistant professors and freshly completed PhD’s 1964/65 and 1965/66. Refer to the first posting in this series of tables for information about the compiler Professor Francis Boddy of the University of Minnesota and a list of the 30 departments belonging to the Chairmen’s Group.

Also there is a table of the anticipated (as of December 1965) range of salaries to hire freshly completed PhD’s for the coming academic year, 1966-67.

Using the BLS web CPI Inflation calculator, one can inflate nominal levels (say for December 1965, the date of the report) to April 2017 using a factor of 7.69.

____________________

TABLE 2c
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS 1965-66, 1964-65

(1)
Median Salaries
All Associate Professors

MID-POINT
OF RANGE		 1965-66 1964-65
Over 13,749 3 0
13,500 2 0
13,000 2 1
12,500 6 3
12,000 5 2
11,500 4 3
11,000 3 11
10,500 2 4
10,000 0 0
9,750 0 1
9,500 0 2
N= 27 27
Median $12,000 $11,000
Mean $12,173 $11,093

 

 

TABLE 2c
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS 1965-66, 1964-65

(2)
Average Salaries
“Superior Associate Professors”
(Top 1/3)

MID-POINT
OF RANGE		 1965-66 1964-65
Over 16,249 0 1
16,000 1 0
15,500 1 0
15,000 2 0
14,500 2 0
14,000 5 2
13,500 6 4
13,000 4 6
12,500 3 3
12,000 0 4
11,500 1 3
 [sic, cell empty] 1 2
 [sic, cell empty] 0 1
N= 26 26
Median $13,000 $12,186
Mean $13,082 $12,159

 

 

TABLE 2c
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS 1965-66, 1964-65

(3)
Average Salaries
“Average Assoc Professors”
(Lower 2/3)

MID-POINT
OF RANGE		 1965-66 1964-65
14,500 0 0
14,000 1 0
13,500 0 0
13,000 4 1
12,500 4 1
12,000 2 2
11,500 3 2
11,000 7 8
10,500 3 4
10,000 2 4
9,750 0 1
9,500 0 2
9,250 0 0
9,000 0 0
8,750 0 1
8,500 0 0
N= 26 26
Median $11,265 $10,775
Mean $11,640 $10,760

 

Source: Johns Hopkins University. The Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. Archives. Department of Political Economy, Series 5, Box 6, Folder 2 “Statistical Information”.

Image Source: “The monopolists’ may-pole” by F. Opper.  Centerfold of Puck, vol. 17, no. 425 (April 29, 1885). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.

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Professors’ salaries in U.S. economics departments (1), 1964/5-1965/66

 

 

From my March 2017 expedition to the Johns Hopkins University archives’ collection of material from the Department of Political Economy, I came across one of those documents that help to provide an empirical baseline for the history of the market for economics professors. It is worth savouring the sets of tables one by one. In all, this so-called “cartel” summary with information collected from 29 departments in October 1965 consists of eight sets of tables.

On the last page of this summary for full-professor salaries can be found the name of the presumable compiler of the tables: Francis M. Boddy, Graduate School, University of Minnesota. It is dated December 21, 1965.

Two documents later in the same folder I found the list of 30 members of the Chairmen’s Group, dated December 13, 1965. With 29 responses to the salary questionnaire from which the “cartel” data have been assembled, it leaves only to guess which department did not report back to the “cartel”. I do believe that the ironic self-designation of cartel is not entirely contrary to functional fact here.

The salary distributions across the participating departments for associate professors, assistant professors, and for the starting salaries for newly minted Ph.D. hires have been posted in the meantime. Also there is a table of the anticipated (as of December 1965) range of salaries to hire freshly completed PhD’s for the coming academic year, 1966-67.

Using the BLS web CPI Inflation calculator, one can inflate nominal levels (say for December 1965, the date of the report) to April 2017 using a factor of 7.69.

___________________________________

About Francis M. Boddy

Boddy, Francis M, 1115 Bus. Admin., West Bank, Dept. of Econs., U. of Minn., Minneapolis, MN 55455. Phone: Office (612)373-3583;Home (612)926-1063. Fields: 020, 610. Birth Yr: 1906. Degrees: B.B.A., U. of Minn., 1930; M.A., U. of Minn., 1936; Ph.D., U. of Minn., 1939. Prin. Cur. Position: Prof. Emer. Of Econs., U. of Minn. At Twin Cities. 1975-. Concurrent/Past Positions: Acting Exec. Secy., Bd. Of Investment, State of Minn., 1978-79; Assoc. Dean of Grad. Sch. U. of Minn., 1961-73.

Source: “Biographical Listing of Members.” The American Economic Review 71, no. 6 (1981): p. 67.

___________________________________

Research Hint:
Boddy’s data go back to 1957/58

“I have, over the past six years, conducted an informal survey of some 30 of the leading departments of economics in the country, defined largely as being those departments which have been major producers of Ph.D.’s in economics.”

Source:  Boddy, Francis M. “The Demand for Economists.” The American Economic Review 52, no. 2 (1962): 503-08.

 

Also of interest from about the same time is the AER Supplement:

Tolles, N. Arnold, and Emanuel Melichar. “Studies of the Structure of Economists’ Salaries and Income” The American Economic Review 58, no. 5 (1968):

___________________________________

MEMBERS OF THE CHAIRMEN’S GROUP, 1965-66
December 13, 1965

  1. Professor Gerard Debreu
    University of California
    Berkeley, California 94720
  2. Dean R. M. Cyert
    Carnegie Institute of Technology
    Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania
  3. Professor Arnold C. Harberger
    University of Chicago
    1126 East 59th Street
    Chicago 37, Illinois
  4. Professor Carl McGuire
    University of Colorado
    Boulder, Colorado
  5. Professor William Vickrey
    Columbia University
    New York 27, New York
  6. Professor Douglas F. Dowd
    Acting Chairman
    Cornell University
    Ithaca, New York
    (Professor Frank H. Golay, the Chairman, is on leave in 1965-66.)
  7. Professor Robert S. Smith
    Duke University
    Durham, North Carolina
  8. Professor John Dunlop
    Harvard University
    Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
  9. Professor John F. Due
    University of Illinois
    Urbana, Illinois 61803
  10. Professor George Wilson
    Indiana University
    Bloomington, Indiana 47405
  11. Professor Karl A. Fox
    Iowa State University
    Ames, Iowa 50010
  12. Professor Carl F. Christ
    Johns Hopkins University
    Baltimore, Maryland
  13. Professor Robert F. Lanzilotti
    Michigan State University
    East Lansing, Michigan
  14. Professor Warren L. Smith
    University of Michigan
    Ann Arbor, Michigan
  15. Professor E. Cary Brown
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    Cambridge 39, Massachusetts
  16. Professor Emanuel Stein
    New York University
    New York 3, New York
  17. Professor John Turnbull
    University of Minnesota
    Minneapolis, Minnesota
  18. Professor Ralph W. Pfouts
    university of North Carolina
    Chapel Hill, North Carolina
  19. Professor Robert Eisner
    Northwestern University
    Evanston, Illinois
  20. Professor Paul G. Craig
    Ohio State University
    Columbus, Ohio
  21. Professor Irving B. Kravis
    University of Pennsylvania
    Philadelphia 4, Pennsylvania
  22. Professor Richard A. Lester
    Princeton University
    Princeton, New Jersey
  23. Dean Emanuel T. Weiler
    Purdue University
    Lafayette, Indiana
  24. Professor Lionel McKenzie
    University of Rochester
    Rochester 20, New York
  25. Professor Edward S. Shaw
    Stanford University
    Stanford, California
  26. Professor Carey Thompson
    University of Texas
    Austin, Texas
  27. Professor James W. McKie
    Vanderbilt University
    Nashville, Tennessee
  28. Professor Alexandre Kafka
    Acting Chairman
    University of Virginia
    Charlottesville, Virginia
    (Professor Warren Nutter, the Chairman, is on leave in 1965-66.)
  29. Professor David B. Johnson
    University of Wisconsin
    Madison, Wisconsin
  30. Professor Raymond Powell
    Yale University
    New Haven, Connecticut

 

Source: Johns Hopkins University. The Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. Archives. Department of Political Economy, Series 5, Box 6, Folder 2 “Statistical Information”.

 

___________________________________

 

CARTEL
SUMMARY of the October-1965 Questionnaire to Departments of Economics in the United States

SUMMARY of the salary (1965-66 and 1964-65 academic years, 9-10 month basis) and other data of 29 (out of 29) Departments of Economics. N = Number of Departments reporting.

 

TABLE 1c
PROFESSORS 1965-66, 1964-65

(1)
Median Salaries
All Professors

MID-POINT
OF RANGE

 1965-66

1964-65

Over 20,249

 2 1
20,000 4

0

19,500

 0 1
19,000 3

1

18,500

 2 3
18,000 2

1

17,500

 3 1
17,000 2

4

16,500

 2 4
16,000 1

4

15,500

 2 0
15,000 2

1

14,500

 0 2
14,000 3

1

13,500

 0 1
13,000 1

4

N=

 29 29
Median $17,500

$16,500

Mean

 $17,377

$16,319

 

 

TABLE 1c
PROFESSORS 1965-66, 1964-65

(2)

Average Salaries
“Superior Professors”
(Top 1/3)

MID-POINT
OF RANGE

 1965-66

1964-65

Over 23,749

 3 1
23,500 2

0

23,000

 0 0
22,500 3

0

22,000

 1 2
21,500 4

3

21,000

 1 2
20,500 4

2

20,000

 0 3
19,500 2

2

19,000

 2 4
18,500 1

0

18,000

 3 1
17,500 1

2

17,000

 0 0
16,500 2

1

16,000

 0 4
15,500 0

1

15,000

 0 0
14,500 0

1

14,000

 0 0
N= 29

29

Median

 $20,600 $19,500
Mean $20,677

$19,093

 

 

TABLE 1c
PROFESSORS 1965-66, 1964-65

(3)

Average Salaries
“Average Professors”
(Lower 2/3)

MID-POINT
OF RANGE

 1965-66

1964-65

Over 18,749

 4 2
18,500 0

1

18,000

 3 1
17,500 1

1

17,000

 3 1
16,500 3

2

16,000

 5 8
15,500 1

4

15,000

 2 1
14,500 1

1

14,000

 2 0
13,500

2

2

13,000

 1 4
12,500 1

0

12,000

 0 1
11,500 0

0

N=

 29 29
Median $16,100

$15,390

Mean

 $16,192

$15,119

 

Source: Johns Hopkins University. The Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. Archives. Department of Political Economy, Series 5, Box 6, Folder 2 “Statistical Information”.

Image: From left to right: Monopolies, Uncle Sam, Trusts.

Taylor, Charles Jay, Artist. In the hands of his philanthropic friends / C.J. Taylor. , 1897. N.Y.: Published in Puck, March 10, 1897. . Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . (Accessed May 12, 2017). https://www.loc.gov/item/2012647652/

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Columbia Ph.D. alumnus. Two images of Kenneth Arrow.

Kenneth Arrow, one day before turning 90 years old

 

Many economists are sharing their personal memories of Kenneth Arrow. Today I’ll just share the photo heading this post that I took on August 22, 2011, one day before his 90th birthday. Taking a break from working in the Hoover Institution Archives at Stanford, I visited Kenneth Arrow in his office to interview him about his own graduate education and memories of Columbia University. 

Those same intense eyes can be seen in his 1936 high-school yearbook photo (Townsend Harris High School in Flushing, NY).

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Columbia Economists

Columbia. Faculty of Political Science Minute in Memory of E.R.A. Seligman, 1939

 

This Columbia Faculty of Political Science minute dedicated to the memory of E.R.A. Seligman is the second biographical item posted for him in Economics in the Rear-view Mirror. The earlier item was published in Universities and Their Sons (vol. 2) in 1899.

 

________________________________

Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman, 1861-1939

Through the death of Professor Seligman on July 18, the Faculty of Political Science has lost a colleague distinguished in many ways and beloved for many qualities. No member of the University except President Butler has served Columbia for so many years, and none had contributed more as investigator, teacher, editor, and counsellor to its work. What he did for science and for education grew out of a keen interest in social welfare and grew into multiform activities as a philanthropist, a citizen, and an adviser to lawmakers and public officials. Our sorrow at his passing is mingled with pride in his career a life-long effort to make learning help toward solving problems that confront mankind.

Inheritance and environment combined to produce Professor Seligman’s alert intellect and his social sympathies. Born in New York City on April 25, 1861, eleven days after Fort Sumter fell, he was christened Edwin Robert Anderson in honor of its defender. Growing up in a family of vitality, wealth, and wide cultural interests, he responded to the stimulating influences of his circle with remarkable precocity. Even more remarkable was his industry. After studying in the Columbia Grammar School, he entered Columbia College at fourteen. In his senior year the teaching of Professor John W. Burgess focussed his interests upon political science. On graduating at eighteen he chose a scholar’s life despite his father’s wish that he enter the family bank – a choice the more noteworthy because he possessed a quickness in analyzing complicated problems, and ability in negotiation, and drive toward incessant activity that would have won success in business.

In 1879, still only eighteen, he went abroad for post-graduate study. Two years in Germany, and one in France, supplemented by vacations in Italy and England, gave him a broad view of European work in the fields he wished to cultivate and acquainted him with many of the workers. Returning to New York in 1882, he entered this School of Political Science that had just been formed at Columbia, and, at the same time, begin the study of law. Within two years he was awarded the degrees of M.A. and LL.B. and in one year more that of Ph.D.

Promptly appointed to a prize lectureship in the School of Political Science, young Dr. Seligman began his career as a teacher in 1885 – a career that continued for forty-six years. His early courses dealt with the history of economics, railway problems, and tariffs. Presently what he’d like to call a “mere accident of departmental organization” led him to take up public finance. It proved to be a subject admirably suited to one who united capacity for analysis with extraordinary mastery of realistic detail, and unflagging energy.

A notice in the Political Science Quarterly sense of his work in this field:

“Professor Seligman early recognized the practical importance in the scientific interest of incidence and progression and he made these two subjects peculiarly his own province, pushing the analysis to borders far beyond those reached by earlier writers. His monographs in dealing with these topics served as the foundation stones of his reputation. However, as he was drawn into the discussion of the many important fiscal issues that arose during his lifetime, he wrote the luminously on almost every aspect of public finance – on the income tax, the general property tax, the inheritance tax, on war finance, and international double taxation, and on many other topics, dignifying and illuminating every subject he discussed.

“It has been an occasion for regret, particularly by his host of students, that Professor Seligman never published a systematic treatise covering the general field of public finance. His reason for not doing so reveals one of his most appealing characteristics, that in his constant and passionate questing for new truth. He made plans for such a treatise and carried the work forward to an advanced stage; but no draft was ever satisfactory, judged by his own high standard, for he was always modifying and adjusting his views and his analysis in the light of further observation, study and reflection. Only five years before his retirement he published in this Quarterly a remarkable series of articles, entitled “The Social Theory of Fiscal Science”, in which he radically modified many of the fundamental concepts and definitions used in his earlier work. The mind of Professor Seligman continued to grow until the very end. It would not be surprising if his monumental theory of fiscal science, the fruit of his last seven years since retirement, should prove, when published, to be the most valuable and significant of his contributions.”

In addition to the enormous amount of work devoted to his “specialty”, Professor Seligman somehow found time and energy for other undertakings that would have overtasked most mortals. He helped to organize the first university settlement in this country, and later served both Greenwich House and the Neighborhood Guild. He took an effective share in fighting the spoils system in local government, and was among the founders of the City Club of New York and the Bureau of Municipal Research. Housing reform was one of his life-long interests. The Society for Ethical Culture counted him among its staunchest supporters. Though he grew up in a great city and made his home there, he loved nature, and labored with the characteristic shrewdness and vigor for the preservation of wildlife.

Economists are grateful to Professor Seligman not only for his scientific contributions but also for the active party took in founding the American Economic Association, for the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences which he did more than anyone else to turn from a dream into an accomplishment, and for the loving care with which he assembled his great collection of books relating to the development of economics. Purchased by Columbia, the Seligman Library ranks high among the University’s treasures, and will be used for generations to come by scholars who are interested in the gradual unfolding of men’s thoughts about their social institutions.

All who believe in liberty of thought are indebted to him for wise and forceful championship of academic freedom. Long before the American Association of University Professors was founded, he had defended scholars who were under fire for expressing what they held to be true, and he kept this course through praise and blame after many others had rallied to his side. What he said carried weight because he stressed the duty of a teacher to maintain a scientific attitude in discussing controversial issues not less strongly than he stressed the duty of administrators and trustees to remember the Bill of Rights.

As the years went on, the calls for his help multiplied beyond any man’s power to meet. Especially was his advice sought upon questions of public finance. No one has contributed so much directly and through pupils, to improve the fiscal systems of American governments, local, state and national. Generously as he gave time to philanthropic and public service, he never neglected his university duties. Year after year he taught classes that grew in size, and carried the burden of administration for his department. He served long terms as editor of the Political Science Quarterly and of the Columbia Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law. His acts of kindness to youthful colleagues and his students are memories treasured by many in our circle, and by more who are far away.

Recognition came to him in abundance – honorary degrees, medals, membership in foreign academies, decorations. His numerous books were translated into many tongues. And every quarter of the globe he had devoted pupils and friends, from Ambedkar of the Untouchables in India, to Lord Stamp in Great Britain and the Chief Justice of the United States. We who had the privilege of working by his side wherever the qualities to which his friendship, fame, and honors were spontaneous tributes, and shall seek to emulate as best we can the example he set of on resting search for knowledge.

 

Source: Columbia University Archives. Minutes of the Faculty of Political Science, 1920-1939. November 17, 1939, pp. 856-859.

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Columbia Honors Late Dr. Seligman

The late Dr. Edwin R. A. Seligman, economist and tax authority will be honored at a Memorial meeting sponsored by Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler and trustees of Columbia University in Low Memorial Library at 4:30 P, M. today.

Dr. Butler will read a letter from Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, extolling Professor Seligman, who died July 18. Dr. Seligman was a member of the Columbia teaching staff for fifty-four [sic, 45] years, and was professor emeritus from 1931 until his death.

 

Source: Columbia Daily Spectator, Volume LXIII, Number 52, 13 December 1939.

Image Source: Clipping from portrait in American Economic Review, 1943.

 

Categories
Columbia Economists Johns Hopkins

Columbia. Professor Henry L. Moore’s Undergraduate and Graduate Transcripts, 1890-96

 

For an earlier post I transcribed the faculty memorial minute for Columbia’s Henry L. Moore along with his request to the department chair in 1924 for a salary adjustment. Today I provide a couple of items that George Stigler had acquired during the course of his research for the paper commissioned by the editors of Econometrica in honor of the Henry L. Moore’s pioneering work in econometrics (Stigler, George J. “Henry L. Moore and Statistical Economics.” Econometrica, vol. 30, no. 1, 1962, pp. 1–21). In addition to some biographical data provided by the alumni office of the Johns Hopkins University, we find the transcripts of both Moore’s undergraduate and graduate courses. One is hardly surprised to see a brilliant undergraduate performance by Moore, though his undergraduate exposure to economics was limited to a single year course in political economy and his undergraduate math courses did not go beyond analytical geometry.

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Carbon Copy of George Stigler’s letter to Johns Hopkins Professor Heberton Evans

 

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
Chicago 37, Illinois

Charles R. Walgreen Foundation for the Study of American Institutions
1126 East 59th Street

June 3, 1959

Professor Heberton Evans Jr.
Department of Political Economy
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

 

Dear Heb:

Econometrica has asked me to prepare an essay on Henry L. Moore and I have agreed to undertake it because I think he is one of the major figures in American economics in the last half century. He took his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1896 and I hpe you will be kind enough to see if you cannot obtain for me a copy of the transcript of his record at Johns Hopkins and any other material pertaining to him that may be in the University file.

Cordially,

George J. Stigler

Source: University of Chicago Archives, George Stigler Papers. Box 2, Folder “Moore: Data gathered by correspondence”.

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Letter from Johns Hopkins Alumni Office to George Stigler

 

THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
BALTIMORE 18, MARYLAND

Alumni Records Office

June 8, 1959

Professor George J. Stigler
Haskell Hall
University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

 

Dear Professor Stigler:

Dr. G. Heberton Evans called me this morning and stated that you were interested in having what biographical information we have on Dr. Henry Ludwell Moore, who died on April 28, 1958. He also stated that you wanted a transcript of his work here.

I have talked with the Registrar about a transcript and she has had this looked up for you. Unfortunately in those days—when Dr. Moore was attending Hopkins—the courses were not as clearly outlined as they are now. Miss Davis will have to clarify some of the credits and the courses given and she will send you her findings when she does this. The Registrar’s Office is in quite a whirl at the moment because of Commencement tomorrow and it will probably be some days before Miss Davis can get this information for you.

I am enclosing a sheet giving an obituary which appeared in the Baltimore SUN at the time of Dr. Moore’s death and also a biographical sketch from Who’s Who. For your information I am giving the addresses of his sisters in Baltimore, which I have taken from the telephone directory:

Mrs. R(obert) Maurice Miller, 406 Hawthorne Road, Baltimore 10
Mrs. J(ohn) Talbot Todd, 100 W. University Parkway, Baltimore 10
Mrs. William P. Cole, 100 W. University Parkway, Baltimore 10

Dr. Moore entered Johns Hopkins in 1892 and was a graduate student in Economics through 1896, when he received the Ph.D. degree. His thesis was Von Thünen’s Theory of Natural Wages.

In the President’s Report for 1892-93 mention is made of “The Wage Theory of Von Thünen,” by Dr. Moore, published in abstract in the Johns Hopkins University Circular for May, 1893. Also, in the President’s Report for 1895-96 two papers by Dr. Moore were read discussed in Economic Conferences (a membership of eighteen students who met one evening fortnightly). The titles of these papers are: “The Personality of Professor Carl Menger,” and “Ricardo’s Attack Upon Malthus’s Doctrine of Rent.”

Sincerely yours,
[signed]
Josephine Cole

 

 

[Attachments from Alumni Files]

 

Obituary from the Baltimore Sun

Dr. Henry Moore Dies at Age 89

Dr. Henry Ludwell Moore, Maryland-born retired professor of economics and sociology at Columbia University, died yesterday in a Baltimore hospital after a long illness. He was 89 years old.

He had received his doctorate in 1896 at the Johns Hopkins University and was a former instructor of economics on the Hopkins faculty.

In 1902 he became an associate professor of economics and romance languages at Columbia where he served until his retirement several years ago. He also taught at Smith College.

Son of the late William Hanson and Sophia Moore, Dr. Moore was born at “Moore’s Rest,” the family home in Charles county. He earned his bachelor degree at Randolph-Macon College and then studied at the University of Vienna and the Hopkins.

He was a pioneer of the application of mathematics and statistical methods to economic theory and wrote numerous articles and books in the field.

His wife was the late Mrs. Jane Armstrong Moore.

Surviving him are three sisters, Mrs. R. Maurice Miller, Mrs. J. Talbot Todd and Mrs. William P. Cole, Jr. all of Baltimore.

The funeral will be private.

 

From—WHO’S WHO

Moore, Henry Ludwell, political economist; b. Charles Co., Md., Nov. 21, 1869; s. William Henry and Alice (Burch) M.; B.A., Randolph-Macon Coll., Va. 1892; U. of Vienna, 1894-95; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1896; m. Jane Armstrong Shafer, of Richmond, Va., June 16, 1897. Instr. Johns Hopkins U., 1896-7; prof. polit. economy, Smith Coll., Mass., 1897-02; prof. polit. economy, Columbia U., 1902–*. Author: Laws of Wages, 1911; Economic Cycles, Their Law and Cause, 1914; Forecasting the Yield and the Price of Cotton, 1917; Generating Economic Cycles, 1923; also articles in scientific jours. on the math. and statis. phases of polit. economy. Home: Cornwall, N.Y.

*Dr. Moore retired from Columbia in 1929. The above does not state that Dr. Moore was also Lecturer in Political Economy at Johns Hopkins in 1897-98, during his first year at Smith College.

 

 

We do not know the source of the clipping which gives the following:

The John Marshall prize for the year 1913 has been awarded to Henry Ludwell Moore as a recognition of the value of his work entitled, “Laws of Wages.” The prize, which was established in 1891, consists of a bronze likeness of Chief Justice Marshall, and is given to a graduate of the University who has produced the best work during the preceding year upon some subject in historical or political science.

Source: University of Chicago Archives, George Stigler Papers. Box 2, Folder “Moore: Data gathered by correspondence”.

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Letter from Registrar’s Office of Johns Hopkins to George Stigler

THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
BALTIMORE 18, MARYLAND

Office of the Register

April 5, 1960

Professor George J. Stigler

Haskell Hall
University of Chicago
Chicago 37, Illinois

Dear Professor Stigler:

From your letter of March 18, 1960, addressed to Miss Josephine Cole, it appears that I owe you an apology for not taking earlier action upon your request for information on Dr. Henry L. Moore. I am sorry to say that I have neither notes nor recollection of talking about this with Miss Cole last summer. I hope that the enclosed information will reach you in time to be of service.

I think it is in order to say a few words of explanation concerning the academic records of the early years of the University. No effort was made to keep track of a student’s enrollment in individual courses. Grades and points credit were not thought of, and apparently the student had nothing to show except some letters from his professors if he discontinued his studies here before receiving a degree. The final examinations for the degree and the dissertation were recorded, and they were, apparently, considered to be all important.

My source of information, in trying to reconstruct a record of this period, is a publication called “The University Circular”, which listed for each term the seminars and courses of lectures given, and the names of the professors and the students who attended. I thought it would interest you to see the names of the men under whom Dr. Moore studies.

Sincerely yours,

[signed]

Irene M. Davis
Registrar

 

HENRY LUDWELL MOORE
PH.D: 1896
[handwritten: “Johns Hopkins”]

Year Course Instructor
1892-93
(Graduate student)		 Historical Seminary Prof. Adams
Germanic History Prof. Adams
Church History Prof. Adams
English Constitutional Law & History Prof. Emmott
Economic Theory of Distribution Prof. J.B. Clark
Social Science Pres. Gilman
Ethnological History of the Indo-European Peoples Prof. Bloomfield
Methods of Historical Research Dr. Vincent
1893-94
(Graduate student)		 Historical Seminary Prof. Adams
Prussian History Prof. Adams
Railway Problems Prof. H.C. Adams
Administration Prof. W. Wilson
Social Economics Dr. Gould
Theory of Consumption Dr. Sherwood
Recent Economic Literature Dr. Sherwood
Economic Conference Dr. Sherwood
Elements & History of Political Economy Dr. Sherwood
Economic & Social History of Europe Dr. Vincent
1894-95
(Graduate student)		 University of Vienna
1895-96
(Fellow)		 Historical Seminary Prof. Adams
History of the Nineteenth Century Prof. Adams
Economic Conference Dr. Sherwood
Physiocrats Dr. Sherwood
Credit and Money Dr. Sherwood
History of Economic Theories Dr. Hollander
Advanced Economic Elective Dr. Sherwood
Social Economics Prof. Gould
Conditions and Remedies of Non-Employment Prof. Dewey

Source: University of Chicago Archives, George Stigler Papers. Box 2, Folder “Moore: Data gathered by correspondence”.

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Transcript from Randolph-Macon College

Randolph-Macon College
Ashland, Virginia

June 23, 1959

Henry L. Moore         307 St. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland

1st Report 2nd Report 3rd Report Exam
Term Ending:
Feb. 1890
English 95 98 98 —
Latin 98 97 99 —
German 98 97 97 —
Algebra 100 100 — —
Geometry 100 100
Term Ending:
June 1890
English 99 99 99 —
Latin 99 100 100 —
German 99 98 ½ 98 ½ —
Algebra 97 — — —
Geometry 100 100 99 ½
Term Ending:
Feb. 1891
English 100 99 100 95 ¾
Latin 100 99 100 98.7
Trigonometry 100 100 — —
Physics 96 100 100 100
Anal. Geom. — — 100 98
Pol. Economy 100 99.5 100 —
Term Ending:
June 1891
English 99 100 98 96 ¾
Latin 100 100 100 99.1
Anal. Geom. 100 100 100 99 ¾
Physics 100 100 100 100
Pol. Economy 100 100 — 100
Phys. Culture 100 100 100 —
Elocution — — 100 —
Term Ending:
Feb. 1892
English 100 100 100 99 ½
Latin 100 100 100 99
French 100 99 99 98 ½
Chemistry 99 100 — 98.5
Geology 100 100 — —
Physiology 95 100 100 98
Psychology 100 99 — —
Logic — — 100 —
Phys. Culture 80 — — —
Term Ending:
June 1892
English 99 100 99 98 ¾
Latin 100 100 100 99.3
French 98 93 99 95
Chemistry 100 98 98 99
Geology 100 100 99 —
Astronomy 100 98 100 98.5
Logic 100 99 99 99

 

Source: University of Chicago Archives, George Stigler Papers. Box 2, Folder “Moore: Data gathered by correspondence”.

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From the Catalogue of Randolph-Macon College for the Collegiate Year 1890-91

POLITICAL ECONOMY
[Taught by Professor of Moral Philosophy and Biblical Literature, John A. Kern D.D.]

This class meets twice a week throughout the session. It is usually taken separately from the other classes of the school, and for satisfactory attainments in it a certificate of distinction is awarded. The study of some question in practical economics is assigned as parallel work. The book used for this purpose last session, is Ely’s “The Labor Movement in America.“

Text-book: F. A. Walker’s Political Economy.

Source: Catalogue of Randolph-Macon College for the Collegiate Year 1890-91: , p. 24.

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Image Source: Cropped from portrait of Moore in Econometrica, Vol. 30, No. 1 (precedes the Stigler article).