Arthur F. Burns was twenty-five years old when he submitted the following application for a Research Associate position that provided 11 months funding at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Results from this project would be ultimately incorporated into Burns’ doctoral dissertation published as the NBER monograph Production Trends in the United States Since 1870 (1934).
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Arthur F. Burns’ late NBER application forwarded to Edwin Gay
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
February 25, 1930
Dr. Edwin F. Gay
117 Widener Library
Harvard University
Cambridge, Mass.
Dear Dr. Gay:
The attached application of Mr. Arthur Frank Burns has just been received. Athough the time limit has passed, you might wish to consider it, and I am therefore forwarding it to you.
Yours very truly,
[signed] G. R. Stahl
Executive Secretary
GRS:RD
[handwritten note]
[Frederick C.] Mills knows something about this man and regards him favorably.
_____________________
NBER Research Associate Application of Arthur F. Burns
(February, 1930)
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
51 Madison Avenue
New York
RESEARCH ASSOCIATES’ APPLICATION FORM
| Applications and accompanying documents should be sent by registered mail and must reach Directors of Research not later than February 1, 1930. Six typewritten copies (legible carbons) should accompany each formal application.
Candidates should have familiarized themselves with the main objects and work of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Candidates are expected to be in good health, free from physical or nervous troubles, and able to complete their work in New York without predictable interruption. Research Associates will not accept other remunerative employment while connected with the National Bureau of Economic Research. Candidates’ names should be written plainly on each manuscript. |
Title of Project A Study of Long-Time Indexes of Production |
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Name of Candidate Arthur Frank Burns |
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Date of Application February 21, 1930 |
THE CANDIDATE
PERSONAL HISTORY:
Name in full: Arthur Frank Burns
Home address: 34 Bethune St., New York City
Present occupation: University teaching
Place of birth: Stanislawow, Poland
Date of birth: April 27, 1904
If not a native-born citizen, date and place of naturalization: About 1920; Bayonne, New Jersey
Single, married: Married
Name and address of wife or husband: Helen, 34 Bethune Street
Name and address of nearest kin if unmarried: [blank]
Number, relationship, and ages of dependents: [blank]
Name the colleges and universities you have attended; length of residence in each; also major and minor studies pursued.
Columbia College, Sept. 1921-Feb. 1925. Majors—Economics, German. Minors—English, History
Columbia University, Feb. 1925-June 1927. Major—Economics. Minor—Statistics.
List the degrees you have received with the years in which they were conferred.
B.A.—Feb. 1925
M.A.—Oct. 1925
Give a list of scholarships or fellowships previously held or now held, stating in each case place and period of tenure, studies pursued and amount of stipend:
Columbia College Scholarship, 1921-1924. $250 per annum
Gilder Fellowship, Academic Year 1926-1927, Columbia University. Stipend $1200. Chief study pursued—Monetary Theory
What foreign languages are you able to use?
French and German
ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
Give a list of positions you have held—professional, teaching, scientific, administrative, business:
|
Name of Institution |
Title of Position |
Years of Tenure |
| Columbia University |
Instructor in Extension |
Feb. 1926-June 1927 |
|
Soc. Science Res. Co. |
Report on Periodicals | Summer of 1927 |
| Rutgers University | Instructor |
1927 to date |
Of what learned or scientific societies are you a member?
Phi Beta Kappa
American Statistical Society
Describe briefly the advanced work and research you have already done in this country or abroad, giving dates, subjects, and names of your principal teachers in these subjects:
Master’s essay on Employment Statistics, under Professors F.A. Ross and W.C. Mitchell, in 1925
Studies in the field of Business Cycles, under Professor W.C. Mitchell, 1926 to date
Studies in the field of Monetary Theory, under Professors Mitchell and Willis, 1926-1927
Work on Negro Migration, under Professor F.A. Ross, Summer of 1925
Work on Instalment Selling, under Professor E.R.A. Seligman, Summer of 1926
Report on Social Science Periodicals for the Social Science Research Council, under Professor F. Stuart Chapin, Summer of 1927.
Submit a list of your publications with exact titles, names of publishers and dates and places of publication:
See separate sheet on publications
THE PROJECT
PLANS FOR STUDY:
Submit a statement (six copies) giving detailed plans for the study you would pursue during your tenure of an Associateship. This statement should include:
(1) A description of the project including its character and scope, and the significance of its presumable contribution to knowledge. Describe how the inquiry is to be conducted, major expected sources of information, etc.
(2) The present state of the project, time of commencement, progress to date, and expectation as to completion.
(3) A proposed budget showing the amount of any assistance, whether of a statistical or clerical nature, or traveling expense that you would require to complete your project.
REFERENCES:
Submit a list of references
(1) from whom information may be obtained concerning your qualifications, and
(2) from whom expert opinion may be obtained as to the value and practicability of your proposed studies.
_____________________
Arthur F. Burns
THE PROJECT
A Study of Long-Time Indexes of Production
Several years ago I embarked upon an inquiry into the broad problem “The Relationship between ‘Price’ and ‘Trade’ Fluctuations.” The study had two main purposes: (1) to provide a systematic description and analysis of one structural element of the “business cycle,” (2) to determine and appraise the empirical basis for the widely held view that “business stability” may be attained through the “stabilization of the price level.” But soon enough I found it difficult to adhere to the project that I had formulated. The task in the course of execution in the statistical laboratory loomed more formidable than in the “arm-chair” in which it found its inception. But another circumstance proved even more compelling in bring about a restriction of the area of the investigation: no sooner was a small segment of the plan that served as my procedural guide completed, but a host of new queries, not at all envisaged in the original plan, arose and pressed for an answer. Thus, impelled by considerations of a practical sort—working as I did single-handed, and by a growing curiosity, I subjected the project to successive reductions of scope. The present project, “A Study of Long-Time Indexes of Production,” is the untouched, and perhaps an unrecognizable, remainder of the original inquiry. On this limited project I have been at work intermittently for about a year and a half.
The object of the present project is to study the “secular changes” in “general production” in the United States, and thereby throw light on one important constituent aspect of the trend of “economic welfare.” The establishment of a theory of secular change in general production calls, in the main, for the performance of two tasks. In the first place, the rate of growth of the physical volume of production and its variation have to be determined. In the second place, the empirical generalizations so arrived at have to be interpreted. The general plan of the investigation is built around these two problems; but to perform these tasks adequately, a host of subsidiary problems have to be met.
Some details of the organization of the project, as well as the point to which work on the project has been carried thus far, may best be indicated by setting forth the extent to which the tentative individual chapters have been completed. The first chapter treats of the contents of the concept “economic welfare,” and traces, analytically and historically, problems in the measurement thereof; this chapter is practically finished. The materials for the second chapter, which is devoted to the history of production indexes, have, for the greater part, already been collected; and a preliminary draft of the chapter has been completed. Much of the third chapter, which is concerned with an analysis of a conceptually ideal measure of the physical volume of production, and the special bearing of this analysis on long-time indexes of production, is written; this chapter is to be but an extension of the paper on “The Measurement of the Physical Volume of Production,” which was published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, February, 1930. In the fourth chapter, an analysis of the available long-time indexes of production is made; this chapter covers a much more extensive area than the brief reference to it may lead one to suppose; and though several months of continuous work have already been devoted to it, considerable literary research and statistical routine remain. The fifth and six chapters will present the results of the computations on the rate of secular change in physical production; though much ground has been covered (over one hundred trends have already been determined), even more remains to be done. Of the next and final two chapters, in which an interpretation of the computed results is to be offered, very little has been put into written form; but a substantial body of literature has been abstracted; and a preliminary outline of some portions of the theory to be presented, now that many of the calculations are completed, has been worked out.
It will be apparent from this statement of the work already done on the project that it has reached a point where completion by the middle of 1931 may well be expected. In fact, the freedom to pursue the investigation unencumbered by academic duties may make possible a more intensive cultivation of the demarcated field than is presently contemplated; or, if it be deemed advisable, an extension of the investigation, now confined to the United States, to several other countries for which what appear to be reasonably satisfactory materials have of late become available.
Needless to say, the above statement of the project constitutes no more than a report on its present status. There probably will be modifications of some importance. One change, in fact, is now being seriously considered: the replacement of Chapters II and III by a brief section, to be worked into the introductory chapter, to the end that a nicer balance between the divisions on, what may be described as, “data and method” and “results” be achieved.
In continuing with this study there will be no travelling expenses to speak of. At the most, there will be a trip or two to Washington. It goes without saying that the study will proceed more rapidly if clerical assistance is had. Only a single statistical clerk would be needed, and a halftime clerk might suffice.
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Arthur F. Burns
References
Group I
Professor Robert E. Chaddock, Columbia University
Professor Wesley C. Mitchell, Columbia University
Professor H. Parker Willis, Columbia University
Professor Eugene E. Agger, Rutgers University
Professor Frank W. Taussig, Harvard University
Group II
Professor Wesley C. Mitchell, Columbia University
Professor Wilford I. King, New York University
Mr. Carl Snyder, New York Federal Reserve Bank
Dr. Edmund E. Day, Social Science Research Council
Dr. Simon Kuznets, National Bureau of Economic Research
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Arthur F. Burns
Publications
A Note on Comparative Costs, Quarterly Journal of Economics, May, 1928
The Duration of Business Cycles, Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1929
The Geometric Mean of Percentages, Journal of the American Statistical Association, September, 1929
The Ideology of Businessmen and Presidential Elections, Southwestern Political and Social Science Quarterly, September, 1929.
Thus Spake the Professor of Statistics, Social Science, November, 1929
The Quantity Theory and Price Stabilization, American Economic Review, December, 1929
The Relative Importance of Check and Cash Payments in the United States: 1919-1928, Journal of the American Statistical Association, December, 1929
The Measurement of the Physical Volume of Production, Quarterly Journal of Economics, February, 1930
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Reference Letter: H. P. Willis
Columbia University
in the City of New York
School of Business
February 27, 1930.
Mr. G. R. Stahl,
Executive Secretary,
National Bureau of Economic Research,
51 Madison Avenue,
New York City.
My dear Mr. Stahl:
I have received your letter of February 26. Mr. Arthur F. Burns, whom you mention, was a student here some years ago, passed his doctorate examination with money and banking as one of his topics. I had general supervision of his work in money and banking and also came into contact with him individually now and then. I thought him a specially acute and capable student of the subject and it seemed to me that he had rather unusual research ability. He has been teaching, I believe, at Rutgers University for a couple of years past and during that time he has occasionally written articles in the scientific magazines and has sent me copies. I have read them with substantial interest and have thought that they showed steady growth in the grasp of the subject and in ability to present it.
I do not know exactly what kind of work you would be disposed to assign him in your bureau were you to appoint him, and hence it is difficult for me to give specific opinion of his “strong and weak points”, for strength and weakness are relative to the work to be done. I should suppose that in a statistical research relating to monetary and banking questions, and particularly to the price problem, Mr. Burns would be decidedly capable. I do not think of any elements of corresponding weakness that need to be emphasized, but perhaps you might find him less devoted to the necessary routine work that has to done in every statistical office, than you would to the planning of investigation and the initiation of inquiries in it. Put in another was this might be equivalent to saying that Mr. Burns is perhaps stronger in conception and planning than he is in execution and yet I do not know that he is in any way to be criticized for his power of execution. I simply mean that he does not seem to be as outstanding in that direction as he is in the other.
I, however, commend him unreservedly to you as a capable man in connection with price, banking and credit research.
Yours very truly,
[signed] H. P. Willis
HPW:S
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Reference Letter: Willford I. King
AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
Secretary-Treasurer
Willford I. King
530 Commerce Building, New York Univ.
236 Wooster Street, New York City
February 27, 1930.
Mr. G. R. Stahl,
National Bureau of Economic Research,
51 Madison Avenue,
New York City.
Dear Mr. Stahl:
I have met Mr. Arthur F. Burns two or three times but do not know very much about his record. One thing, however, stands out strongly in his favor. He recently published in the AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW a very fine piece of work on the equation of exchange. This indicates to me that he is competent to do research work of high quality.
Cordially yours,
Willford I. King.
WIK:RW
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Reference Letter: F. W. Taussig
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
Cambridge, Massachusetts
February 28, 1930
Dear Mr. Stahl:
I have a high opinion of A. F. Burns. I have watched his published work, and some I have examined with care. As will be noted, he has an article in the current issue of the Quarterly Journal of Economics which I consider first-rate. He is a keen critic, and handles figures well. He writes more than acceptably, and in my judgment gives promise of very good work in the future. You will have to go far to find a man clearly better.
Very truly yours,
[signed] F. W. Taussig
Mr. G. R. Stahl
National Bureau of Economic Research
51 Madison Avenue
New York City
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Reference Letter: E. E. Agger
Rutgers University
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Department of Economics
March 5, 1930
Mr. G. R. Stahl,
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
51 Madison Avenue,
New York City
Dear Mr. Stahl:
Replying to your letter of February 26th I may say that I have known Mr. Arthur F. Burns ever since his undergraduate days. He was one of my honor students when I was at Columbia and when he finished his graduate work I brought him to Rutgers as an Instructor. I think that he will be promoted to an Assistant Professorship next year.
He has been a specialist in the field of Statistics and Economic Theory and would therefore, in my judgment, be ideally equipped for the post of Research Associate. He is meticulously careful and most painstaking. You are doubtless familiar with some of his writings during the past year or so. They have seemed to me excellent pieces of work. We shall sorely miss him should he ask for leave to accept possible appointment under you, but on the other hand, I believe that in the end it will add to his value to us, at the same time that you are getting the use of his services. In short, I recommend him without qualification.
Sincerely yours,
[Signed] E.E. Agger
EEA:H
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Reference Letter: Carl Snyder
COPY
Thirty Three Liberty Street
New York
March 5, 1930
Dear Mr. Stahl:
I have followed the work of Arthur F. Burns, of whom you wrote, with a great deal of interest. It seems to me careful, conscientious, well-planned work. He has the inquisitive mind, and that is the great thing. His ideas seem to me sound and his statistical methods well grounded.
The problem in which he is interested is one in which we have done a great deal of work here, and I know of nothing of greater importance. I wish very cordially to endorse the recommendation for his appointment as a Research Associate.
Please believe me, with very best regards,
Sincerely yours,
Carl Snyder
Gustav R. Stahl, Esq.,
National Bureau of Economic Research
51 Madison Avenue, New York City
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Reference Letter: Simon Kuznets
NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
51 Madison Avenue, New York
March 3, 1930
Committee on Selection,
National Bureau of Economic Research
51 Madison Avenue,
New York City
Gentlemen:
Arthur F. Burns who is applying for appointment as a Research Associate is my former classmate from Columbia University, and has always impressed me by his keen powers of observation and analysis. His work speaks for itself, for he has had opportunity to publish some of the by-products of his doctor’s thesis in the form of articles.
He has a thorough statistical training, both in theory and in technique, for he has studied statistics, taught it, and applied its principles. He is also thoroughly versed in economic theory, having studied it under Professors W. C. Mitchell and H. L. Moore.
On the whole, Mr. Burns is a candidate of high promise. He is still quite young in years, but is quite experienced in research work. He ought to prove equal to the opportunities which an appointment as a research associate will provide for him.
Yours respectfully
[signed] Simon Kuznets
[Research Staff member, NBER]
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Reference Letter: Robert E. Chaddock
Columbia University
in the City of New York
Faculty of Political Science
March 3, 1930.
Mr. G. R. Stahl, Executive Secretary
National Bureau of Economic Research
51 Madison Avenue, New York City
Dear Mr. Stahl,
I have expressed my opinion as to the qualifications of Cowden, Gayzer and Leong as candidates for Research Associate. Mr. Arthur F. Burns is superior to any of these in qualifications for research, in my opinion. All his inclinations and his critical attitude toward his own and the results of others point to research as his field. He has unusual technical preparation in Statistics and does not lose sight of the logical tests of his knowledge. He has been publishing articles constantly since entering upon his teaching at Rutgers University where he is successful as a teacher so far as I know. I would not rate him ahead of the candidates I have described before in matters of personality and personal contact, but I do regard him as a very superior candidate in respect to qualifications for research and scholarly productivity.
Sincerely yours,
[signed] Robert E. Chaddock
REC:CT
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Letter: Edwin F. Gay to Arthur F. Burns
NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
51 Madison Avenue, New York
June 25, 1930
Mr. A. F. Burns
34 Bethune Street
New York City
My dear Mr. Burns:
At a recent meeting of the Executive Committee of the National Bureau it was decided that since all the members of the regular staff are not available until the end of September, the Research Associates should be asked to report here on October 1, 1930, instead of September 15. You may, of course, come earlier but full provision for your work cannot conveniently be made before the date indicated. The stipends of the Research Associates are to run from October 1, and also the salaries of such statistical assistants as are designated for the service of the Research Associates.
Upon your arrival you are to report to Dr. Frederick C. Mills, who will have direct responsibility as your adviser. You will be free, of course, to consult with any of the members of the staff.
In regard to arrangements for statistical and other assistance, you will consult with Mr. Pierce Williams, the Executive Director.
It gives me great pleasure, in behalf of the directors and staff of the National Bureau, to welcome you as a research associate. We trust that you will find the eleven months with us not only scientifically profitable but personally enjoyable.
Sincerely yours,
[signed] Edwin F. Gay]
Director of Research
RD
[handwritten note] P.S In looking over your application, I [word illegible] certain [items?] which I think should be filled out. These are: the date of arrival in this country, precise date of naturalization; pre-college education.
Source: Duke University. David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Economists’ Papers Archive. Arthur F. Burns Papers, Box 2, Folder “Correspondence/NBER, 1930”. IMG_8329.JPG
Image Source: Duke University. David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Economists’ Papers Archive. Arthur F. Burns Papers, Box 6. Folder “Photographs, B&W I”. Note: “1930s” written on back of photograph.