This post completes the collection of course descriptions, enrollments, and final exams for Harvard economics courses from the 1912-13 academic year with an advanced course in economic history. The course was attended by four Harvard male graduate students and one Radcliffe woman (presumably also a graduate student) and covered European economic life from mediaeval times to the Industrial Revolution.
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Howard Levi Gray
1874. Born July 11 in Starkesville, New York
1897. A.B. University of Rochester
1898. A.B. Harvard.
1900. A.M. Harvard.
1907. Ph.D. in History, Harvard
1909-14. Instructor in History, Harvard
1911-12. Instructor in Economics, Harvard
1914-15. Assistant Professor of History and Tutor.
1915-1940. Professor of History, Bryn Mawr College
1940. Retired from Bryn Mawr College
1945. Died September 14 at Canajoharie, New York.
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Earlier Harvard courses
on European economic history
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ECONOMICS 23
Course Description
1912-13
[Economics] 23 (formerly 11). Economic History of Europe to 1760. Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Dr. Gray.
As is implied by its scope, this course purposes to give a general survey of each aspect of European economic life from mediaeval times to the Industrial Revolution. Such subjects will be studied as the results of the Crusades, the effects of the Black Death, the development of the Hanseatic League, the causes of sixteenth century revolts in England and Germany, the domestic and mercantilist systems. Instruction will be by lectures and discussion. One thesis will be required.
Source: Harvard University. Division of History, Government, and Economics, Courses of Instruction, 1912–13, p. 66.
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ECONOMICS 23
Course Enrollment
1912-13
Total 5: 4 Graduates; 1 Radcliffe.
Source: Harvard University. Reports of the President and the Treasurer of Harvard College, 1912-13, p. 58.
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ECONOMICS 23
Mid-year Examination
1912-13
- Write briefly on eight of the following subjects: town economy; Charters of St. Gall; inscription of Henchir Mettich; bucellarii; polyptique de l’abbé Irminon; opera antumpnalia; cnihts’ gild; the hearth tax of 1328; distribution of wealth at Basel in the fifteenth century; ad fiscum id est ad feodum.
- (One Hour.) Discuss the rise of the mediaeval manor in France, in Germany, and in England. Estimate the value of sources and secondary works which relate to this subject.
- State and criticise the various theories regarding the origin of mediaeval towns.
- Sketch the development and organization of the woolen industry in England to the sixteenth century.
Source: Harvard University. Mid-year examinations, 1852-1943. Box 9, bound volume Examination Papers, Mid-Years 1912-13.
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ECONOMICS 23
Year-end Examination
1912-13
- Discuss the origin and early expansion of capital in Italy, the Low Countries, Germany and England. (One hour.)
- Compare the development of copyhold in England with that of Meierrecht in Germany. In what way were agrarian conditions in southwestern Germany different from conditions in the northwest at the beginning of the sixteenth century.
- Trace the growth of the mercantile system in England. Has Cunningham’s treatment any bias? Explain.
- Describe fully four of the following documents: —
Notularium Johannis Scribae.
An English Pipe Roll.
Royal licenses to export English wool in 1273.
De institutis Lundonie.
Chrysobullium Alexii I.
Image Source: Page from the Polyptyque d’Irminon linked by Wikimedia Commons to the Gallica website of the Bibliotheque nationale de France.
Links to earlier course material for
European Economic History.
Harvard 1883-84 through 1911-12
Economics 4
Economic History of Europe and America
since the Seven Years’ War.
1883-84. C.F. Dunbar
1884-85. C.F. Dunbar
1885-86. C.F. Dunbar
1886-87. C.F. Dunbar
1887-88. C.F. Dunbar
1888-89. J.H. Gray
1889-90. A.C. Miller
1890-91. C.F. Dunbar
1891-92. W.M. Cole
1892-93. W.M. Cole
Economics 6a
European Industry and Commerce
in the Nineteenth Century
1906-07. E.F. Gay
1907-08. E.F. Gay
1908-09. E.F. Gay
1909-10. E.F. Gay assisted by H.L. Gray
1910-11. E.F. Gay with J. Klein. Reading list included.
1911-12. E.F. Gay with J. Klein
Economics 8
1898-99. Western Civilization, mediaeval and modern, in its Economic Aspects [W. Cunningham, Reading List]
Economics 10
Elements of Economic History
from the Middle Ages to Modern Times
1893-94. W.J. Ashley
1894-95. W.J. Ashley
Economics 13
Development of Land Tenures
and of Agrarian Conditions in Europe.
1893-94. W.J. Ashley
Economics 10
Mediaeval Economic History of Europe
1895-96. W.J. Ashley
1902-03. E.F. Gay
1900-01. W.J. Ashley
1903-04. not offered
1904-05. E.F. Gay
1905-06. E.F. Gay
1906-07. not offered
1907-08. not offered
1908-09. not offered
1909-10. H.L. Gray
Economics 11
Modern Economic History of Europe and America.
1896-97. Modern Economic History of Europe and America,W.J. Ashley
1897-98. Modern Economic History of Europe and America, W.J. Ashley
1898-99. Industrial Revolution in England, W. Cunningham
Economics 11
Modern Economic History of Europe
1899-1900. W.J. Ashley, Reading List
1902-03. E.F. Gay
1903-04. E.F. Gay
1904-05. E.F. Gay
1905-06. E.F. Gay
1906-07. E.F. Gay
1907-08.. E.F. Gay
1908-09. not offered
1909-10. E.F. Gay
1910-11. E.F. Gay
1911-12. Advanced Modern European Economic History. E.F. Gay