With a decade’s worth of experience teaching his labor course, William Zebina Ripley established his problems of labor as a staple applied offering in the Harvard economics department going into the second decade of the twentieth century.
Links to previous Harvard labor exams 1892-93 to 1911-12.
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Labor Bibliographies
Prepared by Ripley
Short Bibliography of Trade Unionism, 1910.
Short Bibliography of Strikes and Boycotts, 1910.
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Meet the Teaching Assistant:
Lloyd M. Crosgrave
BIRTH. 21 Apr 1887. Jamestown, Chautauqua County, New York, USA
DEATH. 19 Jun 1961 (aged 74). Muncie, Delaware County, Indiana, USA
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LLOYD CROSGRAVE,
EX-UNIVERSITY PROF, DIES HERELloyd M. Crosgrave, 74, 2320 S. Walnut St., died at home at 11:30 a.m. Monday after an extended illness. Crosgrave was born in Jamestown, N.Y., and moved to Muncie when he was five years old.
He attended Purdue University, received his bachelor’s degree at Indiana University and his master’s in economics at Harvard. He taught economics at Harvard, IU, the University of Minnesota, and the University of Pittsburgh.
He retired from teaching several years ago due to failing health. Since then he has owned and operated a greenhouse at his home where he grew house plants, specializing in the growing of African violets.
Crosgrave was a member of the Senior Citizens of Muncie.
He is survived by a sister, Miss Pearl G. Crosgrave, who resided at the same address.
Muncie Evening Press. Mon, Jun 19, 1961, p. 8
Source: Find-A-Grave webpage for Lloyd W. [sic] Crosgrave.
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ECONOMICS 6a
Course Description
1912-13
[Economics] 6a lhf. (formerly 9a lhf.). Trade Unionism and Allied Problems. Half-course (first half-year). Tu., Th., Sat., at 10. Professor Ripley, assisted by Mr. ——.
This course will deal mainly with the economic and social relations of employer and employed. Among the topics included will be: the history of unionism; the policies of trade unions respecting wages, machinery, output, etc.; collective bargaining; strikes; employers’ liability and workmen’s compensation; efficiency management; unemployment.
Each student will make at least one report upon a labor union or an important strike, from the original documents. Two lectures a week, with one recitation, will be the usual practice.
Source: Harvard University. Division of History, Government, and Economics, Courses of Instruction, 1912–13, p. 62.
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ECONOMICS 6a
Course Enrollment
1912-13
Economics 6a lhf. Professor Ripley, assisted by Mr. Crosgrave. Trade-Unionism and Allied Problems.
Total 72: 3 Graduates, 44 Seniors, 19 Juniors, 4 Sophomores, 2 Other.
Source: Harvard University. Reports of the President and the Treasurer of Harvard College, 1912-13, p. 57.
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ECONOMICS 6a
Mid-year Examination
1912-13
Answer the first five briefly
- What is sabotage?
- What is the “extended” closed shop?
- What is the principal practical difficulty in the “general strike”?
- Is it met by the adoption of any positive policy in France by the “syndicates”?
- In the syndicalist programme what is to be the unit in the reorganized state?
- Contrast collective bargaining under sanction of the law with its adoption by private arrangement; (a) from the point of view of advantage to the employer; (b) from that of the workman.
- What are the four main features of the New Zealand legislation. (Each in a sentence.)
- What is the principal demonstrated weakness in the above legislation?
- What are three disabilities of the individual workmen in negotiating a wage contract?
- Wages for women in domestic service and in manufactures seem out of line with one another. What main difference helps to explain this?
- What is the present condition of affairs respecting the closed shop in the United States? Outline the course of events for two decades.
- How does the law of conspiracy enter into the decision by courts in labor disputes? How has Great Britain settled it?
Source: Harvard University. Mid-year examinations, 1852-1943. Box 9, bound volume Examination Papers, Mid-Years 1912-13. Also in: Harvard University Examinations. Papers set for final examinations in history, history of science, government, economics, philosophy, social ethics, education, fine arts, music in Harvard College (June 1913), p. 45.
Image Source: “The tournament of today — a set-to between labor and monopoly” by Friedrich Graetz. Centerfold illustration in Puck, v. 13, no. 334, (1883 August 1). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.
A jousting tournament between an oversized knight riding horse-shaped armor labeled “Monopoly” over a locomotive, with a long plume labeled “Arrogance”, and carrying a shield labeled “Corruption of the Legislature” and a lance labeled “Subsidized Press”, and a barefoot man labeled “Labor” riding an emaciated horse labeled “Poverty”, and carrying a sledgehammer labeled “Strike”. On the left is seating “Reserved for Capitalists” where Cyrus W. Field, William H. Vanderbilt, John Roach, Jay Gould, and Russell Sage are sitting. On the right, behind the labor section, are telegraph lines flying monopoly banners that are labeled “Wall St., W.U.T. Co., [and] N.Y.C. RR”.
Previous Labor Courses at Harvard
1892-93. The Social and Economic Condition of Workingmen in the U.S. and in Other Countries (E. Cummings)
1893-94. The Social and Economic Condition of Workingmen in the U.S. and in Other Countries (E. Cummings)
1894-95. The Social and Economic Condition of Workingmen in the U.S. and in Other Countries (E. Cummings)
1895-96. The Social and Economic Condition of Workingmen in the U.S. and in Other Countries (E. Cummings)
1896-97. The Labor Question in Europe and the U.S. (J. and E. Cummings)
1897-98. The Labor Question in Europe and the U.S. (J. and E. Cummings)
1898-99. The Labor Question in Europe and the U.S. (E. Cummings)
1899-1900. The Labor Question in Europe and the U.S. (Omitted)
1900-01. The Labor Question in Europe and the U.S. (W.F. Willoughby)
1901-02. The Labor Question in Europe and the U.S. (E.D. Durand)
1902-03. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)
1903-04. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)
1904-05. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)
1905-06. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)
1906-07. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)
1907-08. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)
1908-09. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)
1909-10. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)
1910-11. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)
1911-12. Problems of Labor (W.Z. Ripley)